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Pharmacology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment for prolactinoma

A

Dopamine agonist Bromocriptine

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2
Q

What is given before surgical removal of pheochromocytoma

A

alpha blocker: Phenoxybenzamine

Beta blocker

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3
Q

Treatment for nephrogenic DI

A

HCTZ
Indomethacin
Amiloride

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4
Q

Treatment for central DI

A

Desmopressin

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5
Q

Treatment for SIADH

A 
conivaptan
tolvaptan
demeclocycline
IV saline
fluid restriction
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6
Q

List the rapid acting insulin

A

Lispro
aspart
Glulisine

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7
Q

List the short acting insulin

A

regular

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8
Q

List the long acting insulin

A

Glargine

Detemir

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9
Q

List an intermediate acting insulin

A

NPH

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10
Q

uses of insulin

A

DM Iand II
gestational DM
live threatening hyperkalemia
stress induced hyperglycemia

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11
Q

Insulin toxicities

A

hypoglycemia

rarely Hypersensitivity rxns

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12
Q

List the biguanides

A

Metformin

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13
Q

Metformin MOA/effects

A

decrease gluconeogenesis
increase glycolysis
increase peripheral glucose uptake
increase insulin sensitivity

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14
Q

What is the first line therapy for type II DM

A

Metformin— can be used in pts without islets

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15
Q

Metformin toxicity

A

GI upset

Lactic acidosis

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16
Q

Metformin is contraindicated in

A

renal failure

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17
Q

List the sulfonylureas

A

1st Gen: Tolbutamide, chlorpropamide

2nd Gen: Glyburide, Glimepride, Glipizide

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18
Q

Sulfonylureas MOA

A

closes K+ channel in pancreatic membrane leading to Ca2+ influx and insulin release

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19
Q

Sulfonylureas clinical use

A

For only DM type II–requires some islet function

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20
Q

1st gen sulfonylurea toxicity

A

disulfiram like effect

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21
Q

2nd gen sulfonylurea toxicity

A

hypoglycemia

22
Q

List the Glitazones/ thiazolidinediones

A

Pioglitazone

Rosiglitazone

23
Q

MOA of Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone

A

Increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue

binds to PPAR-gamma nuclear regulator

24
Q

Pioglitazonw and Rosiglitazone use and toxicity

A 
type II
Weight gain
edema
hepatoxicity
heart failure
25
Q

List the alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A

Acarbose

Miglitol

26
Q

Acarbose and Miglitol MOA

A

inhibit intestinal brush border alpha glucosidases

to delay sugar hydrolysis and absorption

27
Q

Acarbose and Miglitol use and toxicity

A

Type II

GI disturbances

28
Q

List the amylin analog

A

Pramlitide

29
Q

Pramlitide MOA

A

decreases glucagon

30
Q

Pramlitide use and toxicity

A

I and II DM
Hypoglycemia
N/D

31
Q

List the GLP-1 analogs

A

Exenatide

Liraglutide

32
Q

Exenatide and Liraglutide MOA

A

increases insulin

decreases glucagon release

33
Q

Exenatide and Liraglutide use and toxicity

A

type II
N/V
pancreatitis

34
Q

List the DPP-4 inhibitors

A

Linagliptin
Saxagliptin
Sitagliptin

35
Q

Linagliptin, saxagliptin,and Sitagliptin MOA

A

increases insulin

decreases glucagon

36
Q

Dpp-4 inhibitor use and toxicity

A

type II

mild urinary or resp infections

37
Q

Propylthiouracil and methimazole MOA

A

Blocks peroxidase inhibiting organification and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis

38
Q

Propylthiouracil vs, methimazole

A

Propylthiouracil also has the peripheral effect of converting T4 to T3 by inhibiting 5-deiodinase

39
Q

Propylthiouracil and methimazole use and toxicity

A 
Hyperthyroidism
skin rash
agranulocytosis rarely
aplastic anemia
hepatotoxicity--propylthiouracil
methimazole--teratogen
40
Q

Levothyroxine and triiodothryronine use and MOA

A

Hypothyroidism and myxedema

41
Q

levothyroxine and triiodothyronine toxicity

A

tachy
heat intolerance
tremors
arrhythmias

42
Q

GH use

A

GH deficiency and turner syndrome

43
Q

Octreotide uses

A 
Acromegaly
carcinoid 
gastrinoma
glucagonoma
esophageal varices
44
Q

Oxytocin uses

A

stimulates labor
uterine contractions
milk let-down
controls uterine henorrhage

45
Q

ADH/ desmopressin uses

A

Pituitary DI

46
Q

Demeclocycline MOA and use

A

ADH antagonist

SIADH

47
Q

Demeclocycline toxicity

A

Nephrogenic DI
photosensitivity
abnormalities of bone and teeth

48
Q

List the Glucocorticoids

A 
Hydrocortisone
prednisone
triamcinolone
dexamethasone
beclomethasone
49
Q

Glucocorticoids MOA

A

decrease productionof leukotriens and prostagladins by inhibiting phospholipid A2 and Cox2 expression

50
Q

Glucocorticoids uses

A

Addison’s disease
inflammation
immune suppression
asthma

51
Q

Glucocorticoids toxicity

A 
Iatogenic cushing syndrome
osteoporosis
adrenocortical atrophy
peptic ulcers
DM if chronic
Adrenal insufficiency is stopped suddenly

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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