Endocrine

Question 1

Treatment for prolactinoma

Answer 1

Dopamine agonist Bromocriptine

Question 2

What is given before surgical removal of pheochromocytoma

Answer 2

alpha blocker: Phenoxybenzamine

Beta blocker

Question 3

Treatment for nephrogenic DI

Answer 3

HCTZ
Indomethacin
Amiloride

Question 4

Treatment for central DI

Answer 4

Desmopressin

Question 5

Treatment for SIADH

Answer 5

conivaptan
tolvaptan
demeclocycline
IV saline
fluid restriction

Question 6

List the rapid acting insulin

Answer 6

Lispro
aspart
Glulisine

Question 7

List the short acting insulin

Answer 7

regular

Question 8

List the long acting insulin

Answer 8

Glargine

Detemir

Question 9

List an intermediate acting insulin

Answer 9

NPH

Question 10

uses of insulin

Answer 10

DM Iand II
gestational DM
live threatening hyperkalemia
stress induced hyperglycemia

Question 11

Insulin toxicities

Answer 11

hypoglycemia

rarely Hypersensitivity rxns

Question 12

List the biguanides

Answer 12

Metformin

Question 13

Metformin MOA/effects

Answer 13

decrease gluconeogenesis
increase glycolysis
increase peripheral glucose uptake
increase insulin sensitivity

Question 14

What is the first line therapy for type II DM

Answer 14

Metformin— can be used in pts without islets

Question 15

Metformin toxicity

Answer 15

GI upset

Lactic acidosis

Question 16

Metformin is contraindicated in

Answer 16

renal failure

Question 17

List the sulfonylureas

Answer 17

1st Gen: Tolbutamide, chlorpropamide

2nd Gen: Glyburide, Glimepride, Glipizide

Question 18

Sulfonylureas MOA

Answer 18

closes K+ channel in pancreatic membrane leading to Ca2+ influx and insulin release

Question 19

Sulfonylureas clinical use

Answer 19

For only DM type II–requires some islet function

Question 20

1st gen sulfonylurea toxicity

Answer 20

disulfiram like effect

Question 21

2nd gen sulfonylurea toxicity

Answer 21

hypoglycemia

Question 22

List the Glitazones/ thiazolidinediones

Answer 22

Pioglitazone

Rosiglitazone

Question 23

MOA of Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone

Answer 23

Increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue

binds to PPAR-gamma nuclear regulator

Question 24

Pioglitazonw and Rosiglitazone use and toxicity

Answer 24

type II
Weight gain
edema
hepatoxicity
heart failure

Question 25

List the alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 25

Acarbose | Miglitol

Question 26

Acarbose and Miglitol MOA

Answer 26

inhibit intestinal brush border alpha glucosidases | to delay sugar hydrolysis and absorption

Question 27

Acarbose and Miglitol use and toxicity

Answer 27

Type II | GI disturbances

Question 28

List the amylin analog

Answer 28

Pramlitide

Question 29

Pramlitide MOA

Answer 29

decreases glucagon

Question 30

Pramlitide use and toxicity

Answer 30

I and II DM Hypoglycemia N/D

Question 31

List the GLP-1 analogs

Answer 31

Exenatide | Liraglutide

Question 32

Exenatide and Liraglutide MOA

Answer 32

increases insulin | decreases glucagon release

Question 33

Exenatide and Liraglutide use and toxicity

Answer 33

type II N/V pancreatitis

Question 34

List the DPP-4 inhibitors

Answer 34

Linagliptin Saxagliptin Sitagliptin

Question 35

Linagliptin, saxagliptin,and Sitagliptin MOA

Answer 35

increases insulin | decreases glucagon

Question 36

Dpp-4 inhibitor use and toxicity

Answer 36

type II | mild urinary or resp infections

Question 37

Propylthiouracil and methimazole MOA

Answer 37

Blocks peroxidase inhibiting organification and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis

Question 38

Propylthiouracil vs, methimazole

Answer 38

Propylthiouracil also has the peripheral effect of converting T4 to T3 by inhibiting 5-deiodinase

Question 39

Propylthiouracil and methimazole use and toxicity

Answer 39

``` Hyperthyroidism skin rash agranulocytosis rarely aplastic anemia hepatotoxicity--propylthiouracil methimazole--teratogen ```

Question 40

Levothyroxine and triiodothryronine use and MOA

Answer 40

Hypothyroidism and myxedema

Question 41

levothyroxine and triiodothyronine toxicity

Answer 41

tachy heat intolerance tremors arrhythmias

Question 42

GH use

Answer 42

GH deficiency and turner syndrome

Question 43

Octreotide uses

Answer 43

``` Acromegaly carcinoid gastrinoma glucagonoma esophageal varices ```

Question 44

Oxytocin uses

Answer 44

stimulates labor uterine contractions milk let-down controls uterine henorrhage

Question 45

ADH/ desmopressin uses

Answer 45

Pituitary DI

Question 46

Demeclocycline MOA and use

Answer 46

ADH antagonist | SIADH

Question 47

Demeclocycline toxicity

Answer 47

Nephrogenic DI photosensitivity abnormalities of bone and teeth

Question 48

List the Glucocorticoids

Answer 48

``` Hydrocortisone prednisone triamcinolone dexamethasone beclomethasone ```

Question 49

Glucocorticoids MOA

Answer 49

decrease productionof leukotriens and prostagladins by inhibiting phospholipid A2 and Cox2 expression

Question 50

Glucocorticoids uses

Answer 50

Addison's disease inflammation immune suppression asthma

Question 51

Glucocorticoids toxicity

Answer 51

``` Iatogenic cushing syndrome osteoporosis adrenocortical atrophy peptic ulcers DM if chronic Adrenal insufficiency is stopped suddenly ```