Neuro

Question 1

What are the two causes of cerebral edema?

Answer 1

Vasogenic - occurs in white matter from focal injury causing dysfunction of the junctions of the blood brain barrier
Cytotoxic - ischemia leads to membrane pump dysfunction, causing cell death

Question 2

Anterior cerebral artery lesions

Answer 2

Causes leg weakness and sensory loss, personality and behavior changes including inability to make decisions.

Question 3

What are the autonomous zones of the hand?

Answer 3

Median nerve: tip of the index finger
Ulnar nerve: tip of the little finger
Radial nerve: dorsal aspect of the webspace between the thumg and index finger

Question 4

Uncal Herniation

Answer 4

Ipsilateral temporal lobe compressed against the tentorium cerebelum
Ipsilateral ptosis, oculomotor dysfunction, mydriasis
Progresses to contralateral hemiparesis causing bilateral decoricate posturing

Question 5

Horner’s Syndrome

Answer 5

Ptosis, miosis and anhidrosis on side of the injury
Casuedby disruption ofsympathetic fibers around carotid artery
Must have a CTA to exlude vascular injury

Question 6

What is the most common cause of status epilepticus in adults?

Answer 6

The most cmmon cause is subtherapeutic drug levels. The second most commonc ause is CVA.

Question 7

Cerebral venous thrombosis

Answer 7

• most commonly presents as headache
• usually in the superior sagittal sinus, cavernous sinus, or transverse sinus
• treat with Heparin
• seizures are generally focal due to local irritation