Misc Flashcards
What is the progression of Raynaud’s syndrome?
Arterial spasms causes hand to become white. Then mild relaxation of the arteries allows small amount of blood flow, but Hg rapidly becomes deoxygenated and the hand becomes blue. Finally, spasms resolves and hand becomes red.
Carbon monoxide
Decreased O2 delivery to tissues despite a normal to increased PaO2. A carboxyhemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin ratio of over 25% indicates severe toxicity.
Nikolsky’s sign
Pressure applied to the magin fo a blister or ulcerated lesions expands the lesion into adjacent skin. Also, pressure applied to normal appearing skin causes blistering. .
Occurs in pemphigus vulgaris, SSSS and TEN
Anion gap relationship with albumin
AG = Na - (Cl+HCO3): reflects the presence of an anion that the formula is not measuring. Albumin accounts for most of the unmeasured ions. For every 1g/dL drop in albumin, expected AG drops by 2.5-3.
Thoracic outlet syndrome - definition
A group of pathologic conditions associated with compression of the structures at the junction of the upper extremity and trunk; most findings are neurologic and most commonly affected structure is the ulnar nerve.
What is the test for thoracic outlet syndrome?
Elevated arm stress test: arms abducted to 90 degress, elbows flexed to 90 degrees, open and close fists for 3 minutes. Positive results: arm fatigue, pain, inability to keep abducted.
What is the treatment for cyanide intoxication?
Cydroxycobalamin: direct cyanide binding
Sodium thiosulfate: cyanide detoscification
Sodium nitrite: induces methemoglobinemia as methemoglobin binds cyanide more strongly than mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase
Thyroid storm - what is the treatment, most common cause, and most common dysrhythmia?
- may give glucocorticoids for adrenal insufficiency due to increased metabolic demands
- most common dysrhythmia is sinus tach
- most common cause is Graves’ disease
Anaphylaxis
Type 1 sensitivity reaction mediated by IgE; most commonly caused by foods.
