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Rotation > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Does Horners cause miosis or mydriasis?

A

miosis (pupillary constriction)

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2
Q

In Horners syndrome which system predominates, SNS or PNS?

A

PNS dominates

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3
Q

Which nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superior?

A

CNIII occulomotor nerve

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4
Q

What may you see in Horners syndrome?

A
  • pupilllary constriction
  • retractor bulbi causes eyelid to droop
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5
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscle that closes the eye (orbicularis oculi)

A

facial nerve VII

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6
Q

what is the afferent nerve in the palpebral reflex?

A

Trigeminal (opthalmic and maxillary branches)

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7
Q

what is the efferent nerve in the palpebral reflex?

A

facial nerve VII

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8
Q

what ddx are peracute in myelopathies?

A
  • ischaemic myelopathy
  • fracture/luxation
  • ANNPE
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9
Q

What ddx are chronic in myelopathies?

A

IVD protrusion
Vertebral malformation
neoplasia

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10
Q

What ddx are acute in myelopathies?

A

IVDE
myelitis
Discospondylitis
some neoplasias

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11
Q

is ANNPE progressive?

A

no

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12
Q

Steroid responsive meningitis arteritis (SRMA) affects young or older dogs?

A

younger dogs

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13
Q

Is ANNPE painful?

A

No

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14
Q

is meningitis painful?

A

yes

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15
Q

is FCE or ischaemic myelopathy progressive?

A

no

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16
Q

is ANNPE lateralised?

A

yes

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17
Q

is FCE/ ischaemic myelopathy lateralised?

A

yes

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18
Q

is IVDE lateralised?

A

non

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19
Q

the annulus fibrosus contains the …

A

nucleus pulposus

20
Q

what does FCE stand for?

A

fibrocartilaginous embolism

21
Q

Meningomyelitis of unknown origin- what is the 5 finger rule?

A

-acute
- progressive
- painful
- multifocal/ t3-L3 myelopathy
- may be symmetrical or lateralised

22
Q

what is the most common cause of ischaemic myelopathy in dogs?

A

fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE)

23
Q

Onset of ischaemic myolopathy

A

peracute

24
Q

are radiographs good to prognosticate spinal injuries?

A

NO

25
Q

what is a tremor?

A

an involuntary muscle contraction

26
Q

can you localise tremors?

A

no tends to be multifocal

27
Q

define myotonia

A

increased muscle tone

28
Q

sustained muscle contraction can me called

A

tetany

29
Q

types of tremors

A
  • ## kinetic (myelin disorders, and cerebellar)
30
Q

does Parkinson disease occur in dogs?

A

no

31
Q

What is shaky puppy syndrome? (hallmark cx)

A

generalised tremors (halmark)

32
Q

What causes shaky puppy syndrome?

A
  • hypomyelination/ dysmyelination
33
Q

Can shaky puppy syndrome affect cats?

A

yes (esp siamese cats)

34
Q

intention tremor is neurolocalised to which region?

A

cerebellum

35
Q

Cerebellar disease with intention tremor and or titubation (truncal sway) can be caused by an antibiotic, which one?

A

metronidazole

36
Q

define opsoclonus

A

tremor of the eye (NOT NYSTAGMUS)

37
Q

orthostatic tremor - you will only see tremor when animals is standing or non weight bearing?

A

tremors when weight bearing and will stop when non weight bearing. Use stetoscope to try and listen for helicopter sign.

38
Q

orthostatic tremors can be seen in which breeds ?

A

great danes
retrievers

39
Q

Episodic head tremor can be distinguished from intention tremor as it will stop upon intention- true or false

A

TRUE

40
Q

Can distemper cause tremor?

A

yes

41
Q

Twitch occur due to which dysfuntion?

A

potassium gated channels or ion channel or electrolyte imbalances or hypoglycemia

42
Q

what intoxications can cause tremors?

A
  • mycotoxins,
  • permethrin in cats
  • chocolate
43
Q

myokymia can cause what cx

A

rippling of the muscle

44
Q

What is the difference between a tremor and a twitch?

A

tremor tends to be more regular (more CNS), and twitch tends to be more irregular (more PNS)

45
Q
A

Rotation (11 decks)

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