Neuralation Flashcards
When does neuralation occur?
Begins at day 15 until day 28
Describe the process of neuralation
- Molecular signals from notochord (in mesoderm) tell ectoderm to differentiate in neural ectoderm.
- This causes thickening of cells in midline (because these cells are closest to the notochord) to form neural plate
- Lateral edges of neural plates become elevated to form neural folds.
- Surface ectoderm move towards the midline above the folds, creating the neural groove.
- Neural folds meet and fuse to form the neural tube under the surface ectoderm (the neural tube is internalised)
What structures do neural crest cells become?
Peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells, melanocytes, endocrine cells, craniofacial structure, cardiovascular structure
What 3 cell types does mesoderm differentiate into?
Paraxial (closest to notochord), Intermediate and lateral (furthest)
Why does mesoderm differentiate into 3 cell types?
Because of the morphygian gradient (higher concn of molecular factor released by notochord goes to cells closest to it)
What 3 structures does the paraxial mesoderm form?
1 Sclerotome
2 Dermomyotome
3 Myotome.
Which structure becomes muscle?
Sclerotome and dermomyotome
Which cell type forms intraembryonic coelom?
Lateral plate mesoderm
What structure does the intra-embryonic coelom form?
Body cavities (Pleura, pericardium and peritoneum)
What 7 cell types does lateral plate mesoderm further differentiate into?
- Splanchnic
- Somatic mesoderm
- Splanchopleure
- Somatic mesoderm
- Somatic mesoderm
- Somatopleure
- Intraembryonic coelom
What structures do splanchnic mesoderm form?
Heart and mandibular muscles
What cell type forms the gut walls
Splanchnopleure
What cell type forms the limb buds
Somatic mesoderm
Which cell type forms the body wall?
Somatopleure
