Intrauterine growth restriction

Question 1

Define intrauterine growth restriction

Answer 1

Fetus is smaller than it should be.

Question 2

Difference between small for gestational age and IUGR

Answer 2

In IUGR growth slows or ceases and is irrespective of their birth weight percentile whereas SFGA refers to birth weight percentiles

Question 3

Definition of small for gestational age

Answer 3

Birthweight less than 10th gentile for gestational age

Question 4

Definition for large gestational age

Answer 4

Birthweight above 90th gentile for gestational age

Question 5

Definitions of low, very low and extremely low birth weights

Answer 5

2500g low
1500g very low
1000g extremely low

Question 6

3 Placental causes of IUGR

Answer 6

Placental insufficiency
Pre-eclampsia
Placental abruption (separation of placenta from uterine wall)

Question 7

4 Foetal causes of IUGR

Answer 7

Multiple pregnancies
Chromosomal abnormalities
Major congenital abnormalities
Rare genetic syndromes

Question 8

11 maternal causes of IUGR

Answer 8

Age, Low socio-economic status, parity, inter-pregnancy interval, previous delivery of small gestational age or IUGR baby, Substance abuse, medication, pre-pregnancy BMI, Assisted reproductive technologies, medical conditions, infections (viral)

Question 9

Associated problem with IUGR

Answer 9

Chronic hypoxia if placenta hasn’t developed properly. Need to check blood flow using uterine /umbilical artery doppler. IUGR is one consequence of placental insufficiency