Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cae 14 SBA > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

When does implantation of blastocyst occur?

A

Days 5-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What two cell types does the trophoblast layer of blastocysts differentiate into?

A

Syncytiotrophoblasts and Cytotrophoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe 3 functions of syncytiotrophoblasts

A
  1. Invade uterine wall
  2. Invade maternal blood vessels in the endometrium by forming lacunae
  3. Produce hCG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are cytotrophoblasts?

A

The cellular layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which cells form the embryo?

A

Epiblast cells from the inner cell mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are hypoblast cells

A

Extraembryonic cells that form tissues that are important for development of the embryo but don’t contribute to it itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give 2 functions of the desidual reaction?

A
  1. The endometrium becomes Decidua for nutritional a
    support and restricts invasion
  2. Prevents the maternal immune response against the fetus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

After how many days has implantation occurred (with embryo completely below the lining)

A

11-12 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the epiblast and hypoblast form?

A

The bilaminar disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which layer of cells form the amniotic sac?

A

Amniotic ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which cell layer forms the fetus?

A

Epiblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What structure forms the umbilical cord and when does it start to develop?

A

The connecting stalk (day 13-14 so post-implantation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why does a secondary yolk sac form associated with the hypoblast?

A

Because the first, primitive yolk sac has regressed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the single layer of extra embryonic ectoderm lined with extra embryonic mesoderm called?

A

Amnion (amniotic ectoderm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the placenta in early development called

A

The chorion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which cells make up the chorion?

A

Trophoblasts and extra embryonic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which 2 tests screen for Down’s syndrome, Edward’s syndrome or Patau’s syndrome? When can these tests be carried out?

A

Chorionic villus sampling (11-14 weeks of pregnancy) and Amniocentesis (15-20 weeks of pregnancy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List the 6 derivatives of trophoblast, amnion and bilaminar disc at 5 weeks

A

Embryo - derived from epiblast
Amnion - derived from amniotic ectoderm
Amniotic sac is between amnion and embryo
Chorionic plate (extraembryonic mesoderm contribute to chorionic plate)
Chorionic cavity (between extra-embryonic mesoderm and fetus)
Syncytiotrophoblasts (cytotrophoblasts) contribute to chorionic villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the process of gastrulation

A

Process of bilaminar disc (of epiblast and hypoblast) becoming trilaminaer disc

20
Q

What 3 germ layers does the epiblast form

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

21
Q

Is gastrulation a common point of spontaneous termination?

A

Yes

22
Q

Where are the embryonic axis established?

A

Gastrulation (polarity, dorsal/ventral, left/right)

23
Q

When does gastrulation occur?

A

Day 13-14 (trilaminar disc formed by day 17)

24
Q

What structure does the endoderm for?

A

The gut tube (it is associated and continuous with the yolk sac)

25
Q

How does the disc elongate?

A

By convergent extension cell movements (this enables some polarity and the primitive streak forms to provide bilateral symmetry

26
Q

Which end of the disc does the primitive streak form?

A

Tail/Posterior/caudal

27
Q

What is the function of the primitive groove within the primitive streak

A

Epiblast layer moves through it to form Mesoderm and endoderm. Mesoderm is either extraembryonic (forms yolk sac and amnion) or embryonic (forms notochord and node mesoderm) Cells that don’t move through stay on dorsal side and become the embryonic ectoderm

28
Q

What does bilateral symmetry define?

A

Left and right

29
Q

What does polarity define

A

Caudal and cranial

30
Q

What does embryonic ectoderm form?

A

Nervous system

31
Q

State a function of notochord and node mesoderm

A

Important signalling centres that organise the development of embryo

32
Q

What do the first wave of cells through the primitive groove become

A

Endoderm

33
Q

What do the second wave of cells through the primitive groove become

A

Mesoderm

34
Q

What does hypoblast differentiate into

A

Extraembryonic endoderm

35
Q

Which cell layer is induced to form the neural plate by the notochord?

A

Embryonic ectoderm to Neural ectoderm to neural plate

36
Q

What does surface ectoderm differentiate into?

A

Epidermis of the skin

37
Q

What are neural crest cells derived from?

A

Neural ectoderm

38
Q

Why would a patient with craniofacial defects be more likely to have cardiac defects

A

Both arise from the same neural crest cell population that may have abnormalities

39
Q

Which 12 adult structures does embryonic mesoderm give rise to?

A
  1. Endothelium
  2. Bone.
  3. Skeletal muscle
  4. Smooth muscle
  5. Cartilage
  6. Blood
  7. Lymph
  8. Heart - lateral plate mesoderm
  9. Kidneys - intermediate mesoderm
  10. Spleen
  11. Reproductive system
  12. Limbs
40
Q

Which adult 6 adult structures does embryonic endoderm give rise to?

A
  1. Gut tube.
  2. Liver
  3. Pancreas
  4. Trachea and lungs
  5. Auditory system
  6. Urinary system
41
Q

What does extra embryonic ectoderm become?

A

Amniotic ectoderm

42
Q

What do the two population of extra-embryonic endoderm become?

A

Those derived from hypoblasts contribute to yolk sac

Those derived from primitive streak contribute to the allantois

43
Q

What is the role of the allantois?

A

Exchange of some nutrients (i.e. O2) it is an out pocket of the yolk sac

44
Q

What do the two populations of extra-embryonic mesoderm form?

A

Amnion and chorion (Derived from blastocyst)

Contributes to Yolk sac (derived from primitive streak)

45
Q

What is the developmental potential of the morula?

A

Pluripotent - any tissue except placenta

Inncer cells become inner cell mass and outer cells become trophoblasts

Cae 14 SBA (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions