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Cae 14 SBA > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

10-16 days before the next period

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2
Q

How long can eggs live until fertilised with sperm?

A

24hrs

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3
Q

How long can sperm live inside female for

A

7 days

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4
Q

When should sex be avoided if performing fertility awareness?

A

48 hours after ovulation and 7 days prior to ovulation

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5
Q

What is a vasectomy

A

Cutting or tying of the vas deferens

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6
Q

Describe tubal ligation

A

Fallopian tubes are blocked by surgery

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7
Q

Describe hysterectomy

A

Removal of uterus

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8
Q

State the two types of pill

A 
Combined pill (oestrogen and progesterone)
Progesterone only pill
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9
Q

How does the combined pill work?

A

-ve feedback loop to hypothalamus to suppress LH and FSH to inhibit ovulation

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10
Q

Describe MOA of progesterone only pill

A
  1. Thickens cervical mucus making it more difficult for sperm to fertilise egg
  2. Thins the lining of the uterus making it less likely a fertilised egg can implant
  3. Some POPs contain desogesterol that prevents ovulation by modifying action of LH and FSH to inhibit ovulation
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11
Q

2 differences of POP and combined pill

A
  1. Progesterone is always taken whereas combined pill taken for 21 days then a 7 day break
  2. Progesterone only is safe for smoker but combined isn’t due to increase risk of deep vein thrombrosis
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12
Q

What do both oral contraceptives also treat?

A

Painful periods and endometriosis (combined pill more effective)

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13
Q

Which pill can cause irregular or infrequent periods?

A

Progesterone only

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14
Q

How does combined pill reduce risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers

A

Reduces number of ovulations (decrease ovarian cancer)

Suppresses endometrial cell proliferation

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15
Q

How does combined pill increase risk of breast cancer

A

Additional oestrogen

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16
Q

Rules for progesterone only pill

A
  1. Immediate protection if started in day 1-5 of cycle
  2. If started on any other day use contraception for 2 days
  3. If pill is missed in 3-12 hour window take next pill asap and continue as normal
  4. If pill missed outside 12 hour window take pill asap then as usual but use contraception for 48 hours
17
Q

Rules for combined pill

A
  1. If started on days 1-5 protection is immediate
  2. If started after day 5 contraception is needed for 7 days
  3. If one pill missed take ASAP then continue as normal
  4. If 2 pills missed take asap (max 2 in one day) then continue as normal but use contraception for 7 days
18
Q

Which contraception should be avoided if patient has migraines (with aura)

A

Combined pill

19
Q

Describe MOA of copper coil

A

Small amounts of copper released which increases cervical mucosa and prevents implantation of egg

20
Q

Describe MOA of levonorgestrel intrauterine system (mirena) coil

A

Similar to progesterone only pill

  1. Thickens cervical mucosa
  2. Thins uterus lining
  3. Can prevent ovulation
21
Q

How long does copper coil last

A

5-10 years

22
Q

How long does mirena coil last

A

3-5 years

23
Q

Which coil may result in heavier periods?

A

Copper

24
Q

Which coil may result in lighter (infrequent) periods

A

Mirena

25
Q

Describe MOA of contraceptive implant

A

Steadily releases progesterone into blood to prevent ovulation, thickens cervical mucosa and thins uterus lining

26
Q

How long should patient use contraception with contraceptive implant?

A

If inserted at first 5 days of cycle protection is immediate
If any other day use contraception for 7 days.

27
Q

How often is contraceptive injection given?

A

Every 13 weeks

28
Q

When does protection start using contraceptive injection?

A

In first 5 days protection is immediate. Any other day requires other contraception for 7 days

Cae 14 SBA (35 decks)

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