Neural Control of Muscle

Question 1

5 parts of stereotypic reflex response

Answer 1

1 - receptors
2 - afferent nerve
3 - synapse
4 - efferent nerve
5 - receptor organ

Question 2

reflex arcs are genetically programmed and fully developed at _______

Answer 2

birth

Question 3

muscle spindles are located in the _______

Answer 3

perimysium

Question 4

_________ are innervated by gamma motorneurons

Answer 4

intrafusal fibers in muscle spindles

Question 5

muscle spindles are functionally connected to the __________ by the __________

Answer 5

• tendons

- connective tissue of the muscle

Question 6

muscle spindles are positioned in __________ with the extrafusal fibers

Answer 6

parallel

Question 7

muscle spindles detect __________

Answer 7

length changes

Question 8

gamma motor neuron co-activation of muscle spindles allows for _______________

Answer 8

length detection during shortening contractions

Question 9

“flower-spray ending in tendon” describes what?

Answer 9

golgi tendon organs

Question 10

golgi tendon organs are oriented _______ with _________ muscle fibers

Answer 10

• in-series

- 15-20

Question 11

muscle spindle afferents ________ during contraction, golgi tendon organ afferents _______ during contraction

Answer 11

• pause

- burst

Question 12

smaller diameter endings are thought to be sensitive to both ________ and _________ changes in muscle-signaling muscle fatigue

Answer 12

• mechanical

- chemical

Question 13

muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs are (large/small) diameter (+/-) myelinated afferents

Answer 13

large diameter

myelinated

Question 14

type III receptor free nerve endings are (large/small) diameter (+/-) myelinated afferents

Answer 14

small

myelinated and unmyelinated afferents

Question 15

type IV receptor free nerve endings are (large/small) diameter (+/-) myelinated afferents

Answer 15

small

unmyelinated

Question 16

the ________ refers to the the rapid retrieval of a limb in response to a pain stimulus

Answer 16

flexion withdrawal reflex

Question 17

the _______ refers to the occurence of an oppositional reflex on the other side of the body to a withdrawal reflex

Answer 17

body-crossed extension reflex

Question 18

What type of lesion is described?

• inappropriate movements
• inability to know limb position (proprioception)
• abnormal segmental reflexes (exaggerated or blunted)

Answer 18

upper motoneuron lesions

Question 19

What type of lesion is described?

• paralysis
• atrophy
• loss of segmental reflexes

Answer 19

lower motoneuron lesions