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Musculoskeletal > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

(dense/loose) connective tissue is the main type in the musculoskeletal system

A

dense

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2
Q

__________ connective tissue works in stretch and distention, found in the deep layer of the skin, submucosa of the digestive tract, and fascia

A

dense irregular

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3
Q

_________ connective tissue forms parallel bundles of fibers, found in tendons, ligaments, and aponeurosis

A

dense regular

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4
Q

3 types of fibers that can be secreted by fibroblasts

A
  • collagen fibers
  • elastic fibers
  • reticular fibers
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5
Q

there are a total of ____ types of collagen fibers (based on alpha-chain subunits)

A

12

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6
Q

______ is the main variety of collagen fiber

A

type I

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7
Q

________ collagen is found in loose and dense connective tissue, making up tendons, ligaments, bone, and cartilage

A

type I

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8
Q

________ collagen is found in cartilage and intervertebral discs

A

type II

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9
Q

________ collagen is found in loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and reticular fibers

A

type III

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10
Q

_________ collagen is found in the external lamina of muscle and the kidney

A

type IV

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11
Q

which type of collagen lacks striations?

A

type IV

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12
Q

4 places type I collagen can be found

A
  • tendons
  • ligaments
  • bone
  • cartilage

(loose and dense connective tissue)

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13
Q

2 places type II collagen is found

A
  • cartilage

- intervertebral discs

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14
Q

3 places type III collagen is found

A
  • loose connective tissue
  • blood vessels
  • reticular fibers
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15
Q

2 places type IV collagen is found

A
  • external lamina of muscle

- kidney

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16
Q

Collagen types I, II, and III share what common feature?

A

they are all striated and have a 67 nm periodicity

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17
Q

dealing with compression forces is the function of ______

A

bone

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18
Q

___________ are made of type III collagen, have a rich polysaccharide coating, and are typically associated with the basal lamina (help anchor connective tissue to the adjacent structure

A

reticular fibers

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19
Q

reticular fibers are made of ______ collagen, have a rich _________ coating, and are typically associated with the __________

A
  • type III
  • polysaccharide
  • basal lamina
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20
Q

________ are able to undergo expansion and recoil

A

elastin/elastic fibers

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21
Q

the recoil properties of elastic fibers are up to ____% efficient

A

90%

22
Q

________ helps mold elastin molecules into elastin fibers

A

fibrillin

23
Q

_____________: a disease caused by a defect in fibrillin/underdeveloped elastin (predisposed to aortic rupture and cardiac dysfunction)

A

Marfan’s syndrome

24
Q

What is the cause of Marfan’s syndrome?

A

a defect of fibrillin or underdeveloped elastin

25
Q

_______ is a hydrated gel-like complex made of glycosaminoglycans, proteins, and proteoglycans

A

amorphous ground substance

26
Q

How does amorphous ground substance maintain its hydration?

A

The molecules that make it up have a very high negative charge which attracts Na+ molecules. The high sodium concentration creates an osmotic gradient which acts to draw water molecules into the tissue.

27
Q

tendons and ligaments have a ____ content of GAGs and amorphous ground substance

A

low

28
Q

_______ bind bone to bone

A

ligaments

29
Q

2 functions of ligaments

A
  • stabilize and strengthen joints

- limit bone movements

30
Q

_________ bind tendons to bone

A

annular ligaments

31
Q

ligaments are primarily made of ___________connective tissue

A

dense regular

32
Q

the biochemical composition of ligaments is approximately _____% water and ____% collagen (type I and type III), elastin, proteoglycans, and ‘other’.

A
  • 64% (2/3)

- 36% (1/3)

33
Q

3 layers of muscle fascia

A
  • endomysium
  • perimysium
  • epimysium
34
Q

_________ surrounds the muscle belly

A

epimysium

35
Q

_________ surrounds the muscle fascicles

A

perimysium

36
Q

_________ is the location of muscle spindles blood vessels, and nerves

A

perimysium

37
Q

_________ is composed of primarily reticular fibers and is responsible for harnessing muscle fibers through external lamina connections

A

endomysium

38
Q

_______: the convergence of all the layers of muscle fascia

A

myotendinous junction

39
Q

_______: attach muscles to bones, thereby transmitting muscle force to the skeleton

A

tendons

40
Q

the 4 layers of tendon fascia

A
  • endotenon
  • peritenon
  • epitenon
  • paratenon
41
Q

the peritenon is composed of the _________ and ___________ tendon fascial layers

A
  • epitenon

- paratenon

42
Q

all tendon fascial layers are composed of loose connective tissue with the exception of ______

A

epitenon

43
Q

nerves and blood vessels pass to tendons via the _________ layer

A

paratenon

44
Q

synovial fluid is produced by the __________

A

synovial sheath

45
Q

______ are formed when you have a tendon that rides very close to a bone to reduce friction

A

synovial tendon sheath

46
Q

the synovial sheath folds back onto itself to make a __________

A

synovial cavity

47
Q

in a synovial tendon sheath, vessels and nerves pass to the tendon via the ______ or _________ from the paratenon to the epitenon

A
  • mesotendon

- synovial fold

48
Q

_________: inflammation of the tendon sheath

A

tendonitis

49
Q

What is the proposed cause of tendonitis?

A

repetitive motion may exhaust the lubricating function of the synovial tendon

50
Q

__________: strands which make up the boney insertion of the tendon

A

Sharpey’s fibers

Musculoskeletal (13 decks)

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