Connective Tissue Flashcards
(dense/loose) connective tissue is the main type in the musculoskeletal system
dense
__________ connective tissue works in stretch and distention, found in the deep layer of the skin, submucosa of the digestive tract, and fascia
dense irregular
_________ connective tissue forms parallel bundles of fibers, found in tendons, ligaments, and aponeurosis
dense regular
3 types of fibers that can be secreted by fibroblasts
- collagen fibers
- elastic fibers
- reticular fibers
there are a total of ____ types of collagen fibers (based on alpha-chain subunits)
12
______ is the main variety of collagen fiber
type I
________ collagen is found in loose and dense connective tissue, making up tendons, ligaments, bone, and cartilage
type I
________ collagen is found in cartilage and intervertebral discs
type II
________ collagen is found in loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and reticular fibers
type III
_________ collagen is found in the external lamina of muscle and the kidney
type IV
which type of collagen lacks striations?
type IV
4 places type I collagen can be found
- tendons
- ligaments
- bone
- cartilage
(loose and dense connective tissue)
2 places type II collagen is found
- cartilage
- intervertebral discs
3 places type III collagen is found
- loose connective tissue
- blood vessels
- reticular fibers
2 places type IV collagen is found
- external lamina of muscle
- kidney
Collagen types I, II, and III share what common feature?
they are all striated and have a 67 nm periodicity
dealing with compression forces is the function of ______
bone
___________ are made of type III collagen, have a rich polysaccharide coating, and are typically associated with the basal lamina (help anchor connective tissue to the adjacent structure
reticular fibers
reticular fibers are made of ______ collagen, have a rich _________ coating, and are typically associated with the __________
- type III
- polysaccharide
- basal lamina
________ are able to undergo expansion and recoil
elastin/elastic fibers
the recoil properties of elastic fibers are up to ____% efficient
90%
________ helps mold elastin molecules into elastin fibers
fibrillin
_____________: a disease caused by a defect in fibrillin/underdeveloped elastin (predisposed to aortic rupture and cardiac dysfunction)
Marfan’s syndrome
What is the cause of Marfan’s syndrome?
a defect of fibrillin or underdeveloped elastin
_______ is a hydrated gel-like complex made of glycosaminoglycans, proteins, and proteoglycans
amorphous ground substance
How does amorphous ground substance maintain its hydration?
The molecules that make it up have a very high negative charge which attracts Na+ molecules. The high sodium concentration creates an osmotic gradient which acts to draw water molecules into the tissue.
tendons and ligaments have a ____ content of GAGs and amorphous ground substance
low
_______ bind bone to bone
ligaments
2 functions of ligaments
- stabilize and strengthen joints
- limit bone movements
_________ bind tendons to bone
annular ligaments
ligaments are primarily made of ___________connective tissue
dense regular
the biochemical composition of ligaments is approximately _____% water and ____% collagen (type I and type III), elastin, proteoglycans, and ‘other’.
- 64% (2/3)
- 36% (1/3)
3 layers of muscle fascia
- endomysium
- perimysium
- epimysium
_________ surrounds the muscle belly
epimysium
_________ surrounds the muscle fascicles
perimysium
_________ is the location of muscle spindles blood vessels, and nerves
perimysium
_________ is composed of primarily reticular fibers and is responsible for harnessing muscle fibers through external lamina connections
endomysium
_______: the convergence of all the layers of muscle fascia
myotendinous junction
_______: attach muscles to bones, thereby transmitting muscle force to the skeleton
tendons
the 4 layers of tendon fascia
- endotenon
- peritenon
- epitenon
- paratenon
the peritenon is composed of the _________ and ___________ tendon fascial layers
- epitenon
- paratenon
all tendon fascial layers are composed of loose connective tissue with the exception of ______
epitenon
nerves and blood vessels pass to tendons via the _________ layer
paratenon
synovial fluid is produced by the __________
synovial sheath
______ are formed when you have a tendon that rides very close to a bone to reduce friction
synovial tendon sheath
the synovial sheath folds back onto itself to make a __________
synovial cavity
in a synovial tendon sheath, vessels and nerves pass to the tendon via the ______ or _________ from the paratenon to the epitenon
- mesotendon
- synovial fold
_________: inflammation of the tendon sheath
tendonitis
What is the proposed cause of tendonitis?
repetitive motion may exhaust the lubricating function of the synovial tendon
__________: strands which make up the boney insertion of the tendon
Sharpey’s fibers
