Network Protocols Flashcards
Router
Connects multiple networks and routes packets between them.
Directs network traffic based on destination address
Security features such as firewall and NAT.
Operates on network layer [layer 3]
Switch
Connects multiple devices on a LAN, forward data packets between them.
Directs network traffic based on device’s MAC address.
Reduces network congestion.
Connect devices such as computers,printers and servers on network.
Operates on data link layer [ layer 2]
Hub
Connects multiple devices on LAN.
Receives data packets from one device, broadcast them to all other device on networks.
Cause network congestion and slow data transfer speed.
Now replaced by switch.
Bridge
Connects 2 LANs and forward packets between these 2 LANs.
Reduces network congestion.
Filters network traffic and forward necessary data packets.
Used to connect LAN in different buildings or areas.
Repeater
Amplifies and regenerates weak signal to extend range of network.
Operates at physical layer of network.
Used in wireless or wired network where signals need to be transmitted over long distance.
MAC address
Unique identifier to assign NIC to identify devices on network.
Ensure data is sent to correct device.
Used on data link layer.
In a 48-bit number, Divided in 6 parts by colons.
NIC
Network Interface Card
Provide computer ability to connect to network by translating digital signals to network signals and vice versa.
An add-on card integrated in motherboard.
IP Address
numerical label such as 192.0.2.1 assigned to a device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
Avoid data collisions between devices that want to transmit data at the same time.
When devices transmit data at the same time, a collision occurs, data becomes corrupted.
When a collision is detected, the devices stop transmitting and wait for a random amount of time before trying again.
Describe the function of STP within a network.
The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) prevents network loops by blocking extra paths, ensuring only one active path between devices.
Prevents excessive message flooding.
Activates alternative paths if primary paths fail.
Describe the function of NTP.
Network Time Protocol (NTP) keeps clocks on computers and devices in sync so that they all show same time.
This helps with scheduling and ensures accurate records across systems.
Modem: Modulation - Demodulation
Device for data transmission over communication lines.
Modulation: Converts digital data to analog signals for transmission.
Demodulation: Converts incoming analog signals back to digital data.
Types: DSL, cable, fiber-optic modems.
Use: Connects devices to the internet through ISPs.
