Computer And Networks Security

Question 1

Firewall

Answer 1

Barrier between internal network and Internet or untrusted networks.

Prevents unauthorised access and protect from types of cyberthreats.

Question 2

Virus

Answer 2

Infects some executable software which causes that software to spread the virus.

Contain payload which performs other malicious actions.

Question 3

Worm

Answer 3

Self replicate and actively transmit itself over a network to infect other computers.

They do not need to attach themselves to an existing program.

They cause harm to networks by consuming bandwidth.

Question 4

Spyware

Answer 4

Collects small amounts of data about users without their knowledge.

Can slow computers by reporting internet surfing habits, changing settings, installing additional software and redirecting web browsers.

Question 5

Adware

Answer 5

Automatically displays or download ads to computer.

Usually integrated with spyware and displays ads related from spying.

Question 6

Phishing

Answer 6

Attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, bank account info’s by masquerading as a trustworthy entity.

Question 7

Social engineering

Answer 7

Act of manipulating people into performing actions or divulging confidential information rather than by breaking in or using technical vulnerabilities.

Leads to data breaches, unauthorized access, and financial loss.

Question 8

How to protect computer from attacks

Answer 8

Keep software up to date, use antivirus software.

Use strong passwords, unique one and never reuse them.

Install and maintain firewalls helps block unauthorized access to network.

Use encryption to make data unreadable to unauthorized parties.

Implement access controls to ensure only authorized users access your network.

Regularly back up data to recover it in case of cyberattacks or disaster.

Use 2 step verification

Question 9

3 functions of antivirus software

Answer 9

Scan and Detection

Removal and Quarantine

Real time Protection

Question 10

Describe how malware can affect a system’s reliability and performance.

Answer 10

System crash

Sluggish performance

Reduced storage capacity

Network congestion

System instability

Data loss

Question 11

BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS

Answer 11

verify or recognize identity of a person based on their unique physical or behavioral characteristics, such as fingerprints, facial recognition, iris/retina scans, voice recognition, or DNA analysis.
Used for security purposes.

Question 12

Describe THREE characteristics of biometric security systems

Answer 12

Uniqueness: rely on unique biological or behavioral characteristics specific to each individual.

Accuracy: measured in terms of False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and False Rejection Rate (FRR).

Security: more secure than passwords or PINs, because biometric traits cannot be easily replicated or stolen.

Question 13

Advantages of biometric systems

Answer 13

High security, harder to gain access.

Convenient and fast way for users to authenticate their identity without remembering passwords or carry identification cards.

More accurate and easy to use.

Question 14

Disadvantages of biometric systems

Answer 14

Cost: expensive to implement and maintain hardware, software, and infrastructure required for biometric systems.

Question 15

Cybersecurity

Answer 15

Monitor and protect against online attacks.
Ex: hacking, snooping, phishing, online spying.

Question 16

Hacking

Answer 16

Someone who seeks to breach defenses and exploit weaknesses in computer system or network.

Question 17

Ransomware

Answer 17

Denies you access to your files or computer until you pay a ransom.

Question 18

Spam

Answer 18

Untrusted bulk email,electronic equivalent of junk email that comes to your inbox.

Spam uses bandwidth and fills up databases.

Question 19

3 threats against computer network from external attackers

Answer 19

Malware attacks

Distributed denial of services attacks.

Social engineering attacks

Question 20

Trojan Horse

Answer 20

Pretends to be legitimate software.
Actually, carry out hidden harmful functions.

Question 21

Access Control List

Answer 21

Used in operating systems, network, other security systems

Ensure only authorized users or systems can access sensitive resources, such as files or network

Question 22

What is malware ?

Answer 22

Malware refers to any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, network, or device.

This includes viruses, worms, ransomware, spyware, adware, and other harmful programs created by cybercriminals to steal data, disrupt operations, or gain unauthorized access.

Question 23

Denial of Service (DOS)

Answer 23

A type of cyberattack designed to disable, shut down, or disrupt network, website, or service.

Floods a server with traffic, making a website or resource unavailable.

Causes service disruption and potential financial loss.

Question 24

Pop up blocker

Answer 24

Prevents wen browsers for displaying pop-up windows or ads that automatically appear on user’s screen.

Block code that triggers popup windows or filter URLs or web scripts.

Pop-up can be annoying, disruptive, and dangerous .

Modern web browsers have in built pop-up blocker.

Question 25

Anti Spyware

Question 26

Man-in-the-Middle (MITM)

Answer 26

Intercepting communication between two parties to steal or alter data.

Compromises data integrity and confidentiality.

EX: Eavesdropping on an unencrypted email exchange.

Question 27

Sniffing

Answer 27

Intercepting and analyzing network traffic to capture sensitive information.

Leads to data theft and privacy violations.

Example:
Using Wireshark to capture login credentials on a Wi-Fi network.

Question 28

Scanning

Answer 28

Probing a network to discover active hosts, open ports, and services.

Helps attackers identify vulnerabilities for future exploitation.

Example:
Using Nmap to find open ports on a server.