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Anatomy > Nervous Tissue - Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue - Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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2
Q

The CNS consists of which organs?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

The PNS consists of what?

A

cranial and spinal nerves, and ganglia

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4
Q

What are the 3 general functions of the CNS and PNS?

A

collecting information, processing and evaluating information, responding to information

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5
Q

What occurs in the CNS and PNS in the process of collecting information?

A

receptors in PNS pass changes in internal and external environment to CNS

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6
Q

What occurs in the CNS and PNS in the action of processing and evaluating information?

A

CNS determines what response is required

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7
Q

What occurs in the CNS and PNS in the action of responding to information?

A

CNS initiates nerve impulses to effectors to react

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8
Q

nerve impulses initiated by the CNS are called?

A

motor outputs

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9
Q

What are the 2 functional divisions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory and Motor Nervous Systems

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10
Q

Function of the Sensory Nervous System

A

receive sensory information from PNS and send it to the CNS

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11
Q

What is Somatic Sensory?

A

touch, pain, pressure, vibration, proprioception

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12
Q

Is Somatic Sensory voluntary or involuntary?

A

voluntary

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13
Q

What is Visceral Sensory?

A

impulses from viscera (internal organs)

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14
Q

Is Visceral Sensory voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

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14
Q

What is Somatic Motor? What does the somatic motor cause?

A

impulses with CNS to cause contraction of skeletal muscles

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14
Q

Function of Motor Nervous System

A

send impulses from CNS to muscles and glands

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15
Q

Is Somatic Motor voluntary or involuntary?

A

voluntary

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16
Q

What is Automatic Motor?

A

impulses from CNS that regulate smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

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17
Q

Is Automatic Motor voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

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18
Q

The Sensory Nervous System is also known as the

A

Afferent Nervous System

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19
Q

The Motor Nervous System is also known as the

A

Efferent Nervous System

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20
Q

The Sensory carries information in what direction?

A

PNS to CNS

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21
Q

The Motor carries information in which direction?

A

CNS to PNS

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22
Q

What are the 2 types of cells in the nervous system?

A

Neurons and Glial Cells

23
Q

What are the functions of Neurons?

A

initiate, transmit, and receive nerve impulses

24
Q

What are the functions of Glial cells?

A

protect and support neurons

25
Q

Characteristics of Neurons:

A
  • electrically excitable
  • non-miotic
  • extreme longevity
  • high metabolic rate
26
Q

Characteristics of Glial Cells?

A
  • non-excitable
  • capable of mitosis
  • smaller and more numerous than neurons
  • found in PNS and CNS
27
Q

Which cell of the nervous system is miotic?

A

Glial cells

28
Q

Neurons are only found in which nervous system?

29
Q

Brain tumors are likely derived from which cell?

A

Glial Cells

30
Q

Why are Brain tumors more likely to be derived from glial cells than neurons?

A

Glial cells are capable of mitosis

31
Q

What are the 3 main structural regions of a Neuron?

A
  1. Body (soma)
  2. Dendrites
  3. Axon
32
Q

What is the Axon Hillock?

A

region where axon connects to the cell body

33
Q

What is the function of the dendrites?

A

receive nerve impulses

34
Q

What is the function of the axon?

A

transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body

35
Q

What are the structural classifications of neurons? (3)

A

unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar

36
Q

Appearance of unipolar neurons

37
Q

What is the appearance of bipolar neurons?

A

2 processes, one dendrite and one axon

38
Q

Appearance of multipolar neurons

A

many dendrites and a single axon

39
Q

What are the functional classifications of Neurons? (3)

A

Sensory, motor, interneurons

40
Q

What is the function of sensory neurons?

A

transmit nerve impulses from receptors to CNS

41
Q

What is the function of motor neurons?

A

transmit impulses from CNS to muscles and/or glands

42
Q

What is the function of interneurons?

A

facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons

43
Q

What are the 4 types of CNS Glial Cells?

A

Astrocytes, Ependymal cells, Microglial cells, Oligodendrocytes

44
Q

Function of Astrocytes

A

help form blood-brain barrier

45
Q

Function of Ependymal Cells

A

line cavities in brian and spinal cord

46
Q

Function of Microglial Cells

A

defend against pathogens, remove debris, and get rid of waste

47
Q

Function of Oligodendrocytes

A

form the myelin sheath around the axon

48
Q

Of the 4 CNS Glial Cells, which 2 are the most abundant?

A

Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes

49
Q

What are the 2 PNS Glial Cells?

A

Satellite Cells and Schwann Cells(Neurolemomocytes)

50
Q

What is the function of Satellite Cells?

A

protect and regulate nutrients for cell body in Ganglia

51
Q

What is the function of Schwann Cells?

A

form myelin sheath around PNS axons

52
Q

bundles of parallel axons are called what?

53
Q

Nerves are surrounded by 3 connective tissue wrappings, what are they?

A

Endoneurium, Perineurium, and Epineurium

54
Q

What are Synapses?

A

junctions between an axon and another neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell

55
Q

What is the difference between Electrical and Chemical Synapses?

A

Electrical Synapses are very close together and Chemical synapses have a physical gap between one and the next

56
Q

Most Electrical Synapses are found in which nerve system?

57
Q

This Synpases is found in both the PNS and CNS

Anatomy (15 decks)

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