Cardiovascular System - Chapter 22 Flashcards
vessels that carry blood away from the heart
artery
vessels that carry blood back to heart
vein
What are the great vessels?
arteries and veins entering and leaving the heart
The heart is functionally 2 side-to-side pumps, what are the functions of each pump?
- one pump directs blood to the lungs
- one pump directs blood to most body tissues
What direction does blood flow within the heart?
unidirectional
How many valves do the heart have?
4 valves
The heart generates blood pressure by what?
relaxation and contraction if heart walls
What are the 2 circulations of the cardiovascular system?
pulmonary and system
which circulation conveys blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart?
pulmonary circulation
Which circulation conveys blood to most of the body tissue and back to right side of heart?
system circulation
The posterosuperior surface is also called the what?
base of the heart
The inferior conical end of the heart is also called what?
apex of heart
The heart is enclosed within a tough sac called the what?
pericardium restricts
the pericardium restricts is composed of what 2 parts
- fibrous pericardium
- serous pericardium
outer covering of tough, dense connective tissue is which part of pericardium?
fibrous pericardium
What are the 2 layers of the serous pericardium?
- parietal pericardium
- visceral pericardium
This layer of the serous pericardium lines the inner surface of fibrous pericardium
parietal pericardium
This layer of the serous pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart
visceral pericardium
What is the pericardium cavity?
small space between parietal and visceral pericardium
What are the 3 layers of the hearts wall?
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
The epicardium consist of which layer of the serous pericardium?
visceral pericardium
Which layer is the thickest of the 3 layers?
myocardium
the internal surface of the heart chambers is lined by which layer?
endocardium
The anteroinferior borders of the atria form the what?
auricle
The coronary sulcus separates what from each other?
atria and ventricle
The left and right ventricles are separated by what sulcus?
anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus
The right atrium receives venous blood from where?
the heart, the muscles, and systemic circulation
Which 3 veins drain into the right atrium?
- superior vena cava
- inferior vena cava
- coronary sinus
The right atrium and right ventricle are separated by which valve?
tricuspid valve
The inner wall of each ventricle displays large, irregular muscle ridges called the what?
trabeculae carneae
3 cone-shaped muscle projections inside the right ventricle are called what?
papillary muscles
What are chordae tendineae?
papillary muscles that anchor thin strands of strong connective tissue
Which valve marks the end of the ventricle and the beginning of the pulmonary trunk?
pulmonary semilunar valve
How many semilunar valves are there?
2
Where are the semilunar valves located?
the roof of the right and left ventricles
What occurs when the ventricles contract?
blood pushes cusps against the arterial trunk
When blood flows back toward the ventricles the ventricles do what?
contract
Oxygenated blood from the lungs travels through the papillary muscles to which atrium?
left atrium
The left atrium is separated by which valve?
bicuspid/mitral valve
When the left ventricle contracts, what does the bicuspid valve do?
the valve is forced shut
What is the responsibility of the left ventricle?
pump blood to the rest of the body
Where is the aortic semilunar valve located?
at the superior end of the left ventricle
What is the function of the coronary arteries?
supply heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients
What are the 2 branches of the right coronary artery?
- marginal artery
- posterior interventricular artery
Where does the marginal artery supply?
right border of heart
Where does the posterior interventricular artery supply?
posterior surface of the left and right ventricle
What are the 2 branches of the left coronary artery?
- anterior interventricular artery
- circumflex artery
The anterior interventricular artery supplies oxygen and nutrients where?
anterior surface of both ventricles and most of interventricular septum
Which artery supplies the left atrium with oxygen and nutrients?
circumflex artery
Venous blood returns from the heart wallas through which 3 major veins?
- great cardiac vein
- middle cardiac vein
- small cardiac vein
This major vein runs alongside the anterior interventricular artery
greater cardiac vein
This major vein runs alongside the posterior interventricular artery
middle cardiac vein
The major vein travels close to the marginal artery
small cardiac vein
Where do the 3 major veins drain into?
coronary sinus
What is the myocardium composed of?
cardiac muscle fibers
Cardiac muscles are able to contract as a single unit because they are connected by what type of junction?
gap junctions
What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node?
initiate electrical impulses in heart
Under parasympathetic control, the SA node generates how many impulses per minute?
70-80
Electrical impulses travel from the SA node to where?
atrioventricular (AV) node
Where is the AV node located?
the floor of the right atrium
Where does the electrical activity travel next after it leaves the AV node?
into the AV bundle
The AV bundle is also known as what?
the Bundle of His
Where does the Bundle of His extend into?
interventricular septum
The AV bundles divide into left and right bundles, these bundles pass the electrical impulse to what?
Purkinje fibers
Where do the Purkinje fibers spread the electrical impulse next?
superiorly from apex to all of ventricular myocardium
