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Anatomy > Cardiovascular System - Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System - Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

artery

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2
Q

vessels that carry blood back to heart

A

vein

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3
Q

What are the great vessels?

A

arteries and veins entering and leaving the heart

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4
Q

The heart is functionally 2 side-to-side pumps, what are the functions of each pump?

A
  • one pump directs blood to the lungs
  • one pump directs blood to most body tissues
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5
Q

What direction does blood flow within the heart?

A

unidirectional

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6
Q

How many valves do the heart have?

A

4 valves

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7
Q

The heart generates blood pressure by what?

A

relaxation and contraction if heart walls

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8
Q

What are the 2 circulations of the cardiovascular system?

A

pulmonary and system

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9
Q

which circulation conveys blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart?

A

pulmonary circulation

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10
Q

Which circulation conveys blood to most of the body tissue and back to right side of heart?

A

system circulation

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11
Q

The posterosuperior surface is also called the what?

A

base of the heart

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12
Q

The inferior conical end of the heart is also called what?

A

apex of heart

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13
Q

The heart is enclosed within a tough sac called the what?

A

pericardium restricts

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14
Q

the pericardium restricts is composed of what 2 parts

A
  • fibrous pericardium
  • serous pericardium
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14
Q

outer covering of tough, dense connective tissue is which part of pericardium?

A

fibrous pericardium

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15
Q

What are the 2 layers of the serous pericardium?

A
  • parietal pericardium
  • visceral pericardium
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16
Q

This layer of the serous pericardium lines the inner surface of fibrous pericardium

A

parietal pericardium

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17
Q

This layer of the serous pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart

A

visceral pericardium

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18
Q

What is the pericardium cavity?

A

small space between parietal and visceral pericardium

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19
Q

What are the 3 layers of the hearts wall?

A
  • epicardium
  • myocardium
  • endocardium
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20
Q

The epicardium consist of which layer of the serous pericardium?

A

visceral pericardium

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21
Q

Which layer is the thickest of the 3 layers?

A

myocardium

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22
Q

the internal surface of the heart chambers is lined by which layer?

A

endocardium

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23
Q

The anteroinferior borders of the atria form the what?

A

auricle

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24
Q

The coronary sulcus separates what from each other?

A

atria and ventricle

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25
Q

The left and right ventricles are separated by what sulcus?

A

anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus

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26
Q

The right atrium receives venous blood from where?

A

the heart, the muscles, and systemic circulation

27
Q

Which 3 veins drain into the right atrium?

A
  • superior vena cava
  • inferior vena cava
  • coronary sinus
28
Q

The right atrium and right ventricle are separated by which valve?

A

tricuspid valve

29
Q

The inner wall of each ventricle displays large, irregular muscle ridges called the what?

A

trabeculae carneae

30
Q

3 cone-shaped muscle projections inside the right ventricle are called what?

A

papillary muscles

31
Q

What are chordae tendineae?

A

papillary muscles that anchor thin strands of strong connective tissue

32
Q

Which valve marks the end of the ventricle and the beginning of the pulmonary trunk?

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

33
Q

How many semilunar valves are there?

A

2

34
Q

Where are the semilunar valves located?

A

the roof of the right and left ventricles

35
Q

What occurs when the ventricles contract?

A

blood pushes cusps against the arterial trunk

36
Q

When blood flows back toward the ventricles the ventricles do what?

A

contract

37
Q

Oxygenated blood from the lungs travels through the papillary muscles to which atrium?

A

left atrium

38
Q

The left atrium is separated by which valve?

A

bicuspid/mitral valve

39
Q

When the left ventricle contracts, what does the bicuspid valve do?

A

the valve is forced shut

40
Q

What is the responsibility of the left ventricle?

A

pump blood to the rest of the body

41
Q

Where is the aortic semilunar valve located?

A

at the superior end of the left ventricle

42
Q

What is the function of the coronary arteries?

A

supply heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients

43
Q

What are the 2 branches of the right coronary artery?

A
  • marginal artery
  • posterior interventricular artery
44
Q

Where does the marginal artery supply?

A

right border of heart

45
Q

Where does the posterior interventricular artery supply?

A

posterior surface of the left and right ventricle

46
Q

What are the 2 branches of the left coronary artery?

A
  • anterior interventricular artery
  • circumflex artery
47
Q

The anterior interventricular artery supplies oxygen and nutrients where?

A

anterior surface of both ventricles and most of interventricular septum

48
Q

Which artery supplies the left atrium with oxygen and nutrients?

A

circumflex artery

49
Q

Venous blood returns from the heart wallas through which 3 major veins?

A
  • great cardiac vein
  • middle cardiac vein
  • small cardiac vein
50
Q

This major vein runs alongside the anterior interventricular artery

A

greater cardiac vein

51
Q

This major vein runs alongside the posterior interventricular artery

A

middle cardiac vein

52
Q

The major vein travels close to the marginal artery

A

small cardiac vein

53
Q

Where do the 3 major veins drain into?

A

coronary sinus

54
Q

What is the myocardium composed of?

A

cardiac muscle fibers

55
Q

Cardiac muscles are able to contract as a single unit because they are connected by what type of junction?

A

gap junctions

56
Q

What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node?

A

initiate electrical impulses in heart

57
Q

Under parasympathetic control, the SA node generates how many impulses per minute?

A

70-80

58
Q

Electrical impulses travel from the SA node to where?

A

atrioventricular (AV) node

59
Q

Where is the AV node located?

A

the floor of the right atrium

60
Q

Where does the electrical activity travel next after it leaves the AV node?

A

into the AV bundle

61
Q

The AV bundle is also known as what?

A

the Bundle of His

62
Q

Where does the Bundle of His extend into?

A

interventricular septum

63
Q

The AV bundles divide into left and right bundles, these bundles pass the electrical impulse to what?

A

Purkinje fibers

64
Q

Where do the Purkinje fibers spread the electrical impulse next?

A

superiorly from apex to all of ventricular myocardium

Anatomy (15 decks)

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