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Anatomy > Articulations - Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Articulations - Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

A place of contact where:
- a bone meets another bone
- a bone meets the cartilage
- a bone meets teeth
is called a what?

A

an articulation/joint

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2
Q

What is mobility?

A

varies from immobile to wide range of motions

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3
Q

Increasing stability of a bone does what to mobility?

A

decreases mobility

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4
Q

What are the 3 anatomical classification of joints?

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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5
Q

Bones are held together by what in fibrous joints?

A

collagen fibers

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6
Q

Bones are held together by what in cartilaginous joints?

A

cartilage

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7
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

synovial cavity, separates bone by fluid

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8
Q

What are the 3 physiological classification of joint

A

Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses

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9
Q

What are synarthroses?

A

immobile joints

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10
Q

synarthroses are how stable amongst the 3?

A

the most stable

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11
Q

What are amphiarthroses?

A

slightly mobile joints

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12
Q

What are diarthroses?

A

Freely mobile joints

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13
Q

What are 3 specific types of fibrous joints?

A

Gomphoses, sutures, and syndesmoses

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14
Q

Where are Gomphoses located?

A

teeth of the mandible and mandible

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15
Q

Where are sutures located?

A

between skull bones

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16
Q

Where are syndesmoses located?

A

between parallel bones

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17
Q

Functionally, gomphoses and sutures are classified as what?

A

synarthroses

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18
Q

Syndesmoses are classified as what?

A

amphiarthroses

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19
Q

The 2 types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondroses and symphyses

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20
Q

Synchondroses join the bones by

A

hyaline cartilage

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21
Q

Symphyses join the bones by

A

pad of fibrocartilage

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22
Q

Where are synovial joints located on the bone?

A

cover ends of bones by articular cartilage

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23
Q

what is the function of synovial joints?

A

reduce friction and absorb shock

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24
Q

The articular capsule of the synovial joint has 2 layers, what are the layers?

A
  1. outer fibrous layer, made of dense regular connective tissue
  2. inner synovial membrane, secretes synovial fluid
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25
Q

What is the function of the articular cartilage of the synovial joint?

A

prevent bone to bone contact during compression of joint

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26
Q

What are the articular discs of the synovial joint?

A

pads of fibrocartilage between articular surfaces

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27
Q

The articular discs are also called?

A

menisci

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28
Q

What are the functions of the articular discs?

A

divide joint into 2 spaces, allow movement in different spaces, provide stability, and allow bone to fit together better

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29
Q

What do ligaments connect?

A

bone to bone

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30
Q

Nerves of the synovial joint signal pain when what join does what?

A

is over stretched

31
Q

Blood vessels of the synovial joint have what function?

A

provide nutrients to bone

32
Q

What tendons connect?

A

muscle to bone

33
Q

Where are bursae located?

A

outside most synovial joints where ligaments, muscles, and/or bone rub

34
Q

Where are tendon sheaths located?

A

in confined spaces where tendon rub each other

35
Q

What are the 3 classes of synovial joints?

A

uniaxial, biaxial, and multiaxial

36
Q

The uniaxial synovial joint class moves the bone in how many planes?

37
Q

The biaxial synovial joint class moves the bone in how many planes?

38
Q

The multiaxial synovial joint class moves the bone in how many planes?

A

more than 2 planes

39
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A

Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condylar, Saddle, Ball-and-Socket

40
Q

Plane joints permit what type of movement?

41
Q

Hinge Joints are which class of synovial joint?

A

uniaxial movement around an axis

42
Q

Pivot Joints permit what class?

A

uniaxial movement, rotation only around its longitudinal axis

43
Q

Condylar joints are in what class of synovial joints?

44
Q

Saddle joints are in which class of synovial joints?

45
Q

Ball-and-Socket joints in which class of synovial joints?

A

multiaxial: permit movement in 3 axes, plus all directions

46
Q

Synovial joints have 4 main categories of motion/movement, what are they?

A

Gliding, Angular, Rotation, and Special

47
Q

Gliding Motion

A

sliding back-and-fourth or side to side

48
Q

Angular movement involves which motions? (7)

A

flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, and circumduction

49
Q

Flexion

A

decreases the angle between bones

50
Q

Extension

A

increases angle between bones

51
Q

Hypertension

A

beyond original bone position (ball and socket)

52
Q

Lateral flexion

A

body flexing to the side

53
Q

Abduction

A

angle made greater between bones

54
Q

Adduction

A

bringing angle back to anatomical position

55
Q

Circumduction

A

distal end of extremity can be moved in circular motion

56
Q

What is the rotation movement?

A

limbs turning to and from median plane

57
Q

Medial rotation

A

rotation towards medial body

58
Q

Lateral rotation

A

rotation toward lateral body

59
Q

Pronation

A

inward rolling

60
Q

Supination

A

outward rolling

61
Q

Where do special movements occur in the body?

A

specific joints

62
Q

Depression

63
Q

Elevation

64
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

foot goes from a flat position to straight upward position

65
Q

Plantar flexion

A

foot goes from a flat position to straight downward position

66
Q

Inversion

A

big toe raised

67
Q

Eversion

A

rest of foot raised and big toe planted

68
Q

Protraction

A

moving mandible to anterior position

69
Q

Retraction

A

moving the mandible to the posterior position, back to normal position

70
Q

What does diarthrosis mean?

A

hinge or plane

71
Q

Which compartment of the Temporomandibular Joint is the hinge part of?

A

inferior compartment

72
Q

What compartment of the Temporomandibular Joint is the plane part of?

A

superior compartment

73
Q

The Hinge is responsible for which movements/motions?

A

Elevation and depression

74
Q

The plane is responsible for which movements/motions?

A

Protraction and retraction, lateral displacement

Anatomy (15 decks)

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