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Anatomy > Axial Muscles - Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Axial Muscles - Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some functions of the axial muscles?

A
  • support head and spinal cord
  • facial expression, chewing and swallowing
  • aid breathing and protection of abdominal and pelvic organs
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2
Q

What causes changes in facial expression?

A

contraction of facial expression muscles

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3
Q

Muscles that affect facial expression are located where on the face?

A

scalp, mouth, nose and eye

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4
Q

What does the occipitofrontalis move?

A

scalp, eyebrows, and forehead

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5
Q

What does the procerus muscle move?

A

moves and wrinkles nose

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6
Q

What does the nasalis move?

A

elevates corners of nostrils

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7
Q

The levator labii superioris causes what movement?

A

raises the upper lip

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8
Q

The levator angulai oris causes what movement?

A

draws corners of mouth superiorly and laterally (smile)

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9
Q

What movement does the zygomatic major cause?

A

elevates corners of mouth

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10
Q

What does the risorius move?

A

moves corner of lip laterally

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11
Q

What orbicularis oris causse what movement?

A

compression of lips

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12
Q

The depressor labii inferioris causes the lips the draw in which direction?

A

laterally

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13
Q

The mentalis causes what movement?

A

protrudes lower lip and wrinkles chin

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14
Q

The depressor anguli oris causes what movement?

A

draws corners of mouth inferiorly and laterally (frown)

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15
Q

What does the corrugator supercilii move?

A

pulls eyebrows inferiorly and medially

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16
Q

What does the orbicularis oculi cause the eyes to do?

A

closes the eyes

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17
Q

What movement does the buccinator cause?

A

compresses the cheek

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18
Q

What movement does the platysma cause?

A

pulls lower lip inferiorly and tenses skin on neck

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19
Q

Most of the muscles of facial expression are innervated by which cranial nerve?

A

cranial nerve VII

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20
Q

Facial nerve paralysis is caused by

A

unilateral paralysis of facial muscles

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21
Q

idiopathic paralysis of facial muscles causes what?

A

Bell palsy

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22
Q

What are the causes of facial nerve paralysis?

A
  • compression of the facial nerve by blood vessel
  • exposure to cold temperatures
  • herpes simplex I virus
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23
Q

How many extrinsic eye muscles are there?

A

6

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24
Q

What are the 6 extrinsic eye muscles?

A

Medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique

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25
Q

What does the medial rectus do?

A

pulls eye medially

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26
Q

what does the lateral rectus do?

A

pulls eye laterally

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27
Q

what does the inferior rectus do?

A

pulls eye inferiorly

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28
Q

what does the superior rectus do?

A

pulls eye superiorly

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29
Q

What does the inferior oblique do?

A

depresses and turns eye laterally

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30
Q

what does the superior oblique do?

A

elevates and turns eye laterally

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31
Q

CN III is also known as the

A

oculomotor nerve

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32
Q

CN IV is also known as the

A

trochlear nerve

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33
Q

CN VI is also known as the

A

abducens nerve

34
Q

What are the muscles involved in mastication?

A

Temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid

35
Q

Function of temporalis in mastication

A

elevates and retracts the mandible

36
Q

function of masseter in mastication

A

elevates and protracts the mandible

37
Q

function of the medial pterygoid

A

protracts and moves the mandible from side to side while chewing

38
Q

What movements do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue cause the tongue to do?

A

curl, squeeze, and fold

39
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

genioglossus, styloglossus, hypoglossus, patatoglosseus

40
Q

The genioglossus allows the tongue to

A

stick out

41
Q

the styloglossus allows the tongue to

A

elevate and retract

42
Q

the hypoglossus allows to tongue to

A

depress and retract

43
Q

the palatoglossus allows what movement of the tongue?

A

posteriorly elevate

44
Q

The muscles in the pharynx aid in what?

A

swallowing, by contracting

45
Q

Most of the muscles in the pharynx are innervated by which cranial nerve?

A

CN X

46
Q

What are the primary muscles of the pharynx?

A

superior constrictor, middle constrictor, and inferior constrictor

47
Q

What 2 groups are the anterior neck muscles divided into?

A

suprahyoid and infrahyoid

48
Q

What do the suprahyoid bones do during swallowing?

A

elevate the hyoid bone

49
Q

What do the infrahyoid bones do during swallowing?

A

depress the hyoid bone

50
Q

anterolateral muscles flex what?

A

the head and/or neck

51
Q

What movements do the posterior muscles do for the head and neck?

A

extend the head and neck

52
Q

Which group of muscles are the major muscles of the anterolateral neck muscles?

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscles

53
Q

what does bilateral contraction of the Sternocleidomastoid muscles do?

A

flexion of neck

53
Q

what does unilateral contraction of the Sternocleidomastoid muscles do?

A

lateral flexion and rotation of head

54
Q

what are the major muscles of the posterior neck muscles

A

splenius capitis, splenius cervicus, semispinalis capitis, and longissimus capitis

55
Q

What are the 2 major muscle groupings responsible for the movement of vertebral column?

A

erector spinae muscle group and transversospinalis muscle group

56
Q

What is the function of the erector spinae muscle group?

A

maintain posture and help you stand erect

57
Q

Bilateral contraction of the erector spinae muscle group causes the vertebral column to what?

A

extend

58
Q

Unilateral contraction of the erector spinae muscle group causes the vertebral column to what?

A

flexes laterally

59
Q

What is the function of the transversospinalis muscle group?

A

connect and stabilize vertebrae

60
Q

3 groups of the erector spinae muscles are

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

61
Q

What are the muscles of the transversospinalis?

A

motifides, rotatores, and semispinalis

62
Q

Function of rotatores

A

extend and rotate vertebral column

63
Q

Bilateral contraction of semispinalis results in

A

extension of vertebral column

64
Q

Unilateral contraction of semispinalis results in

A

lateral flexion of vertebral column

65
Q

What are the muscles involved in inhalation and exhalation?

A

Diaphragm, external intercostalis, serratus posterior superior, internal intercostalis, serratus posterior inferior, transverse thoracis

66
Q

Function of the Diaphragm

A

physically separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

67
Q

which muscles elevate ribs during inhalation?

A

external intercostalis and serratus posterior superior

68
Q

which muscle depresses ribs during exhalation

A

serratus posterior inferior and transverse thoacis

69
Q

muscle that depresses ribs during forced exhalation

A

internal intercostals

70
Q

What is the function of the caval opening of the diaphragm?

A

allow for passage of vena cava

71
Q

What is the function of the aortic opening (hiatus) of the diaphragm?

A

location where aorta passes through diaphragm

72
Q

What is the function of the esophageal opening of the diaphragm?

A

where esophagus passes through diaphragm

73
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, abdominis rectus

74
Q

What are the functions of the 4 anterolateral muscles (abdominal wall)?

A

compress and hold abdominal organs in place

75
Q

The 3 layers of muscle of the pelvic floor is known as

A

pelvic diaphragm

76
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

control of defecation, control of urination, and reproductive processes (erection, ejaculation)

77
Q

What is the perineum?

A

diamond-shaped region between lower extremities

78
Q

2 triangles that the perineum is composed of

A

urogenital ad anal triangle

79
Q

What does the urogenital triangle contain

A

external genitalia and urethra

80
Q

Where is the urogenital triangle located?

A

anteriorly

81
Q

What does the anal triangle contain?

A

the anus

Anatomy (15 decks)

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