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Anatomy > Muscle Tissue - Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue - Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of muscle in the body:

A

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

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2
Q

4 unique characteristics of muscles

A

excitability, contractability, elasticity, extensibility

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3
Q

Excitability

A

outside stimuli can initiate electrical charges in muscle fibers that lead to contraction.

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4
Q

Contractability

A

stimulation of muscle fiber leads to contraction or shortening of fiber

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5
Q

Elasticity

A

muscle fiber able to return to original length when contraction is released

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6
Q

Extensibility

A

muscle fiber able to be stretched

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7
Q

what are some of the functions of Skeletal muscle tissue?

A

Body movement, maintenance of posture, temperature regulation, storage and movement of materials, support

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8
Q

Muscle fibers are organized into bundles called what?

A

fascicles

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9
Q

What are fascicles?

A

bundles of muscle fibers

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10
Q

muscle fibers contain what?

A

myofibrils

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11
Q

Myofibrils are composed of what?

A

myofilaments

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12
Q

what are myofilaments composed of?

A

actin and myosin

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13
Q

Each muscle is comprised of 3 layers of concentric connective tissue, what are those tissues comprised of?

A

mainly collagen and elastic fibers

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14
Q

The 3 layers of connective tissue found in each muscle is:

A

Endomysium, perimysium, epimysium

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15
Q

Endomysium function

A

surrounds and electrically insulates each muscle fiber

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16
Q

Perimysium function

A

surrounds individual fascicles

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17
Q

Epimysium function

A

surrounds the entire muscle fiber

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18
Q

Deep fascia is composed of what type of connective tissue(s)?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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19
Q

What is the function of deep fascia?

A

surround each muscle and separate muscles from each other

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20
Q

Superficial fascia is composed of what type of connective tissue(s)?

A

areolar and adipose connective tissue

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21
Q

What is the function of superficial fascia?

A

separates muscle from skin

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22
Q

What does a tendon attach?

A

muscle to a bone (cord-like in appearance)

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23
Q

Aponeurosis is what?

A

flat tendon

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24
Q

point of attachment to the bone that does not move

A

origin

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25
Q

point of attachment to the bone that moves

A

insertion

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26
Q

Myofibrils

A

cylindrical structures that extend the entire length of the muscle fiber

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27
Q

The Sacroplasm of a muscle fiber contains what?

A

myofibrils (~100-1000)

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28
Q

what is the ability of a myofibril?

A

to shorten: which results in contraction and production of motion

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29
Q

what are the 2 types of myofilaments?

A

thin and thick

30
Q

What is thin filament comprised of?

A
  1. 2 strands of f-actin and g-actin of bead shaped molecules twisted around each other
  2. 2 regulatory proteins
31
Q

what are the 2 regulatory proteins in thin filament?

A

Tropomyosin and troponin

32
Q

What is thick filament comprised of?

A

bundled molecules of myosin

33
Q

Action of myosin during contraction

A

heads form cross bridges with thin filaments

34
Q

What is the structure of a myosin molecule?

A

head and elongated head (golfclub like appearance)

35
Q

What is the composition of an A-band?

A

contain entire myosin molecule and portion of actin

36
Q

Myosin is found only found in which filament?

A

thick filament

37
Q

What is the I band composed of?

A

only thin filaments

38
Q

Where is the H-zone (H-band)?

A

light, central region of A band, NO thin filament present

39
Q

What is the M-line?

A

Central, protein network in H-zone that keeps thick filament aligned

40
Q

Where is the Z-disc (Z band)

A

protein structure in middle of I band

41
Q

What is the function of Z-disc?

A

attachment site for one end of thin filaments

42
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

the functional contractile unit in a skeletal muscle fiber

43
Q

Where is a sarcomere located?

A

Between 2 adjacent Z discs

44
Q

What happens to a sarcomere during contraction of muscle fibers?

A

they shorten

45
Q

What is Sliding Filament Theory?

A

during contraction, thick and thin filament will interact and slide past each other

46
Q

What changes happen to a sarcomere during contraction?

A
  • A bands remain constant
  • H zone disappears
  • Z discs move closer together
  • I bands narrow
  • thin and thick filaments never change
47
Q

What is the neuromuscular junction?

A

region where the motor neuron comes into close proximity to the muscle fiber

48
Q

What does a motor unit consist of?

A

a single motor neuron and the muscle fiber it controls

49
Q

Larger muscle have

A

more motor units

50
Q

what is the all-or-none principle?

A

a muscle fiber contracts completely or not at all

51
Q

What happens when a motor unit is stimulated?

A

all muscle fibers under its control contract

52
Q

Skeletal muscle is comprised of 3 different types of muscle fibers. what are they?

A

slow, intermediate, fast

53
Q

What do muscle fibers do?

A

determine the speed of muscle contraction and sustainability of the contraction

54
Q

Slow muscle fibers

A

Type 1, slow oxidative

55
Q

Intermediate muscle fibers

A

Type IIa, fast aerobic

56
Q

fast muscle fibers

A

Type IIb, fast anaerobic

57
Q

What is the function of myoglobin in muscles?

A

increase the ability of muscles to hold oxygen

58
Q

High myoglobin present

A

muscle has red color

59
Q

low or no myoglobin present

A

muscle has white/pale color

60
Q

slow muscle fibers are mostly found in muscles that…

A

contract continuously

61
Q

What are the 4 different patterns of fascicle arrangement?

A

circular, parallel, convergent, pennate

62
Q

Circular fascicle arrangement

A

fibers arranged concentrically around opening

63
Q

Parallel fascicle arrangement

A

fibers arranged parallel to long axis

64
Q

Convergent fascicle arrangement

A

triangular muscle with common attachment site

65
Q

Pennate fascicle arrangement

A

muscle body has one or more tendons

66
Q

What is a lever?

A

elongated, rigid object what rotates around a fixed point

67
Q

what are the 3 classes of lever?

A

Agonist (prime mover), Antagonist, Synergist

68
Q

Agonist lever

A

produces specific movement when it contracts

69
Q

Antagonist lever

A

a muscle whose action opposes agonist

70
Q

Synergist lever

A

a muscle assists the agonist lever

Anatomy (15 decks)

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