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Histology > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

structural and functional unit of nervous system

A

neuron

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2
Q

most neuron cell bodies are located in _____

A

CNS

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3
Q

do not divide, although regeneration of axons possible

A

terminally differentiated

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4
Q

neurons that are not terminally differentiated

A

olfactory and hippocampus

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5
Q

part of neuron that contains nucleus and is surrounded by cytoplasm

A

soma

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6
Q

cytoplasm of neuron

A

perikaryon

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7
Q

rough ER of neruon

A

nissl substance

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8
Q

plasma membrane surrounding neural cell

A

neurilemma

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9
Q

highly branched neuron process

A

dendrites

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10
Q

area near soma where the axon arises

A

axon hillock

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11
Q

distal swelling where the axon terminates; contains mitochondria and membrane bound synaptic vesicles containing chemical neurotransmitters

A

terminal bouton

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12
Q

movement of products down an axon

A

axonal transport

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13
Q

____ axonal transport carries cytoskeletal elements

A

slow

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14
Q

____ axonal transport carries membrane bound organelles

A

fast

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15
Q

transport from cell body down an axon

A

anterograde transport

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16
Q

transport from axon to cell body

A

retrograde transport

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17
Q

anterograde transport uses ____

A

kinesin

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18
Q

retrograde transport uses ______

A

dyenin

19
Q

most common type of neuron with several dendrites

A

multi-polar neuron

20
Q

neuron type with single dendrite opposite axon

A

bipolar neuron

21
Q

neuron type with no dendrites on soma, axon only

A

unipolar neuron

22
Q

neuron type with single dendrite and axon fuse; soma is off to one side

A

pseudounipolar neuron

23
Q

point where nerves is unresponsive to stimuli when Na channels close and can’t reopen for 1-2 millisecons

A

refractory period

24
Q

terminal bouton separated from effector cell by ____

A

synaptic cleft

25
Q

signaling molecules released from pre-synaptic molecule; diffuse across synaptic cleft, bind to receptor molecules on post-synaptic membrane

A

neurotransmitters

26
Q

the 2 neurotransmitters used in PNS

A

acetylcholine and norepinephrine (adrenaline)

27
Q

sympathetic response uses ________ as excitatory neurotransmitter (adrenergic)

A

noradrenaline (nor-epinephrine)

28
Q

parasympathetic response uses ______ as excitatory neurotransmitter (cholinergic)

A

acetylcholine

29
Q

provide structural and metabolic support for axons

A

Schwann cells

30
Q

insulated by many concentric layers of plasma membrane from many schwann cells

A

myelinated nerves

31
Q

several axons lie in channels within schwann cell, surrounded by a single later of neurilemma from schwann cell

A

non-myelinated nerve

32
Q

gaps in myelin sheath between adjacent schwann cells that are responsible for rapid saltatory conduction

A

nodes of Ranvier

33
Q

______ myelinate the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

34
Q

loose connective tissue that surround individual axons and schwann cells

A

endoneurium

35
Q

surround multiple axons organized into bundles (fascicles); unique cells; exhibit epithelioid and myoid features that may play a role in axon regeneration

A

perineurium

36
Q

additional layer of connective tissue that surround larger nerves containing several fascicles

A

epineurium

37
Q

neurons with cell bodies in gray matter of brain and spinal cord in CNS

A

preganglionic neurons

38
Q

neurons with cell bodies located within ganglia

A

postganglionic neurons

39
Q

discrete aggregations of postsynaptic neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS; embryologically derived from neural crest

A

ganglia

40
Q

surround each cell body that provide structural and mechanical support; derived from neural crest

A

satellite cells

41
Q

_____ ganglia is located anterior to spine

A

prevertebral

42
Q

_____ ganglia located primarily in the sympathetic truck

A

paravertebral

43
Q

______ ganglia located in or near effector organ

A

parasympathetic

Histology (10 decks)

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