Leukocytes Flashcards
mobile cells that leave circulation; WBCs stick to endothelial cell surface and squeeze between endothelial cells of capillaries & venules via pseudopodia; function as active part of immune system in tissues
leukocytes
any cell product that influences another cell, like pheromone
cytokines
acid dye that stains bases bright pink
eosinophilic dye
basic dye that stains acids deep blue/purple
basophilic dye (azurophilic)
neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils that all have single, multi-lobed nucleus & prominent cytoplasmic granules (primary and secondary)
granulocytes
multi-lobed nucleus (3-5); short-lived; few mitochondria; primary granules contain unique antimicrobial myeloperoxidase
neutrophils
bacterial killing by generating hydrogen peroxide and hypocholorous acid
respiratory burst
immature neutrophils that cause a left shift similar to anemia
stab cells
inactive X chromosome in females
Barr body
mast cells in tissue; specific granules contain hydrolytic enzymes, heparin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, histamine, leukotrienes; used in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions
basophils
remain in circulation 3-6 hours before entering tissue; lifespan 8-12 days; has IgE surface receptors; contains histaminase; important in hypersensitivity rxns; have antiparasitic function especially against flukes; parasites and affinity for Antigen-antibody complexes
eosinophils
monocytes and lymphocytes; have single, unlobed nucleus and lack secondary granules but have primary (azurophilic) granules
agranulocytes
abundant, gray-blue/lavender cytoplasm; large indented (kidney bean shaped) nucleus; present in bloodstream 2-3 days then extravasate, enter tissue then become macrophages; lifespan is several months
monocytes
fixed tissue macrophages in liver
kupfer cells
fixed tissue macrophages in CNS
microglial cells
fixed tissue macrophages in skin
Langerhans cells
fixed tissue macrophages in lung
dust cells
fixed tissue macrophages in bone
osteoclasts
antigen stimulates ___ to form; macrophages fuse to form it
epithelioid giant cell
WBC active in subacute to chronic infections; have lifespan of days to years; round, densely staining nucleus surrounded by thin rim of cytoplasm; 2 types: t and b cells
lymphocytes
function in humorally mediated immune response and produce antibodies; formed and become immunocompetent in bone marrow; after encountering antigens, undergo multiple divisions to produce clones of antibody producing plasma cells
B cells
formed in bone marrow but become immunocompetent in the thymus; have receptors (paratopes) that recognize antigens (epitopes); responsible for cell-mediated immunity and have long lifespan; 3 types
T cells
primary effectors in cell-mediated immunity tend to be large that recognize cells with foreign surface antigens or receptors and kill them by punching holes in membrane
cytotoxic t cells
detect invaders and sound chemical alarm; recognize antigens usually presented by macrophages or b cells then secrete cytokines
heler t cells
suppress activity of b cells, dampen immune response, especially to self moleuces
suppressor cells
lymphocytes which posses Fc receptors but lack specific cell surface markers of either b or t cells; include natural killer cells; responsible for nonspecific cytotoxicity against virus-infected and tumor cells
null cell
most abundant to least abundant leukocytes
neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
Shows total number of WBCs
CBC (complete blood count)
Shows relative percentages of WBCs
Differential cell count
Increase in neutrophils shows ________
Acute, bacterial issue
Increase in lymphocytes and monocytes shows _________
Subacute viral issue
Increase in eosinophils shows ________
Allergies and parasites
Increase in WBCs shows ______
Infection/tumor
Decrease in WBCs shows ________
Immune suppression/tumor
Neutropenia shows ______
Acute viral infection or severe sepsis
Decrease in platelets shows ______
Thrombocytopenia
