Erythrocytes Flashcards
plasma makes up about how much of blood volume
55%
specialized connective tissue in fluid that is the primary vehicle for transport of nutrients, O2, CO2, waste products, and hormones
blood
bulk of plasma proteins all synthesized in the liver that functions as transporter proteins for insoluble metabolites (fatty acids) and are responsible for maintaining colloid osmotic pressure in blood vessels
albumins
large plasma proteins used as transport proteins for lipids and heavy metal ions
globulins
largest fractions of globulins; Antibodies synthesized by plasma cells
immunoglobulins
largest plasma proteins that are soluble and synthesized in the liver; polymerize to form an insoluble protein during clotting
fibrinogens
clotting reaction
prothrombin to thrombin that catalyzes fibrinogen to fibrin
formed elements of blood
WBCs, RBCs, and platelets
process by which mature blood cells develop from precursor cells in the bone marrow
hemopoiesis
volume of red blood cells
hematocrit
layer of blood centrifuge made of WBCs and platelets
buffy coat
drop of blood smeared, air dried, stained with modified Romanovsky method
blood smear
red blood cell production
erythropoiesis
white blood cell production
myeolpoiesis
estimated output of daily RBcs
2.5 billion
bone marrow active that contains large #’s of mature RBCs
red bone marrow
bone marrow that is inactive
yellow/ fatty bone marrow
occasional, basophilic nuclear remnants visible within cytoplasm
Howell-Jolly bodies
immature RBCs with stippled cytoplasm; still have some rRNA; slightly larger than mature RBCs
reticulocytes
increased number of reticulocytes in circulation associated with chronic blood loss (hemolytic anemia)
reticulocytosis
large number of erythrocyte precursors in peripheral blood; starts to look like bone marrow with a lot of immature cells
megaloblastic anemia
erythrocyte diameter
6-8 micrometers
structural protein in RBCs that provides both resiliency and deformability and binds to inner surface of plasma membrane
spectrin
contains 4 polypeptide chains associated with 4 Fe- containing heme groups
Hemoglobin
single aa substitution (valine for glutamate @ position of 6 of beta-globulin chain) that causes conformational change in cell that makes it more fragile and easily damaged; cause damage to endothelial cells of capillary walls due to rough edges
sickle cell anemia
sickle cell anemia confers resistance to ____; caused by intracellular blood parasite (Plasmodium spp.)
malaria
small, non-nucleated cells containing organelles used in formation of blood clot; formed from megakaryocytes
platelets (thrombocytes)
large, polyploid cells in bone marrow
megakaryocytes
result of cascade interaction between plasma proteins and coagulation factors; occurs only if endothelial lining of vessel injured
coagulation
initiated by release of tissue thromboplastin as a result of tissue damage; (faster)
extrinsic pathway
initiated by exposure of collagen that requires numerous clotting factors (slower)
intrinsic pathway
What does exhaustion of fibrinogen & removal of thrombin from blood during conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin do? antithrombin III and heparin also contribute
stops clotting
deficiency in clotting factors so that blood can’t clot; defect in intrinsic pathway that is sex-linked in males that occurs on X chromosome
hemophilia
