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Histology > Cytoskeleton and Cell Division > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton and Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

provide structural support for plasma membrane & organelles, intracellular movement/transport of substances, cell locomotion, muscle contraction

A

cytoskeleton

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2
Q

distributed in 3D network throughout cytoplasm; important in maintaining cell shape, facilitate shape changes during movement

A

microfilaments

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3
Q

thin microfilament made of protofilaments that twist together

A

actin

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4
Q

small globular protein monomer that polymerizes to form protofilaments

A

g-actin

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5
Q

polymer form of G-actin

A

protofilaments

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6
Q

2 protofilaments that twist together to form double helix that combine to form larger actin filaments

A

F-actin

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7
Q

support meshwork formed by actin and filamin that prevents cell from deformation

A

cell cortex (terminal web)

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8
Q

thick microfilament classified as a motor protein that are long and rod shaped with globular head that form thick, ropy cables and form cross bridges between adjacent filaments

A

myosin

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9
Q

size between microfilaments and microtubules; form large filaments that bind w intracellular structures useful in immunhistochemistry and tumor ID

A

intermediate filaments

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10
Q

intermediate filament characteristic of all epithelial cells; forms tonofibrils in epidermis of skin

A

cyto(keratin)

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11
Q

intermediate filaments found in mesodermal cells of messenchymal origin (includes endothelial cells, muscle, & neuroectodermal cells)

A

vimentin

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12
Q

intermediate filaments unique to muscle cells; mesodermal origin

A

desmin

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13
Q

intermediate filaments present in nerve cells

A

neurofilament proteins

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14
Q

intermediate filaments found in glial (support) cells of nervous system (astrocytes)

A

GFAP- glial fibrillary acidic protein)

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15
Q

intermediate filament that forms layer on inside of nuclear membrane

A

lamin

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16
Q

larger, composed of 2 globular protein subunits arranged in a coiled, spirall pattern that polymerize to form hollow tubes that readily assemble and disassemble

A

microtubule

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17
Q

9 pairs of microtubules (peripheral doublets) containing dyenin arms arranged in circle w central doublet structrue

A

axoneme

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18
Q

region of the cell known as the “cell center” near nucleus and function in cell division

A

centrosome

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19
Q

located in centrosome that consists of 9 triplets of microtubules arranged in a cylinder and acts as a nucleation center for microtubules

A

centriole

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20
Q

2 components that make up microtubules

A

alpha and beta tubulin

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21
Q

motor proteins that attach microtubules to organelles allowing movement in cytoplasm

A

dyenin and kinesin

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22
Q

growth and replication of cell

A

mitosis

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23
Q

resting phase or time between divisions that occupies most of life of cell- consists of G1, S, and G2 phase

A

interphase

24
Q

longest of cell phases where cell growth, maturation, and differentiation

25
Q

increase in cell size that occurs during G1

A

hypertrophy

26
Q

increase in cell size number (mitosis)

A

hyperplasia

27
Q

replication of DNA prior to division; 2n to 4n

28
Q

preparation for mitosis; synthesis of ATP & tubulin for mitotic spindle

29
Q

cell division portion of mitosis that forms 2 daughter cells

30
Q

nuclear division

A

karyokinesis

31
Q

cytoplasmic division

A

cytokinesis

32
Q

retain capacity for division with proper stimulus

A

facultative dividers

33
Q

cell lose the capacity to divide

A

terminally differentiated

34
Q

chromosomes visibly condensed, microfilaments & microtubules of cytoskeleton disaggregate, centrioles migrate to piles of cell, form spindle apparatus w interpolar microtubules between them

35
Q

nuclear membrane and nucleoli disappear at end of prophase; mitotic attaches to chromosomes to chromosomes at kinetochore

A

prometaphase (late prophase)

36
Q

chromosomes line up along equator (metaphase plate)

37
Q

centromeres split apart, chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of cell; pulled by microtubules connecting centriole and kinetochore

38
Q

mitotic spindle disaggregates, nuclear envelope reassembles, nucleoli reappear, plasma membrane forms cleavage furrow and cytokinesis

39
Q

used to describe proportion of cells in a tissue in mitosis at any given time; important in tumors- estimated by counting # of mitotic figures/HPF

A

mitotic index

40
Q

reproduction division that forms 4 haploid gametes that occurs in germ cells of gonads

41
Q

first meiotic division results in formation of

A

2 daughter cells

42
Q

crossing over (chiasmata formation) occurs during

A

prophase 1

43
Q

centromeres split during

A

anaphase 2

44
Q

T/F: interphase 2 replicates DNA

45
Q

T/F: no crossing over during prophase 2

46
Q

During telophase 2 of meiosis, cytokinesis yields _____

A

4 haploid gametes

47
Q

___ viable sperm are formed in gametogenesis

48
Q

_____ viable eggs are formed in gametogenesis

A

1 w 2-3 non-functional polar bodies

49
Q

spermatogenesis begins at ___

50
Q

oogenesis begins at____

A

fetal development

51
Q

programmed cell death

52
Q

shrinkage of nuclei seen in apoptosis

53
Q

chromatin in nucleus begins to degenerate

A

karyolysis

54
Q

nuclear material begins to fragment and nuclear membrane disintegrates

A

karyorhexis

55
Q

death of cells as a result of inflammation, traumatic injury or pathology

Histology (10 decks)

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