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Histology > Cell Ultrastructure and Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

Cell Ultrastructure and Cytoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Gel like material made of 70-85% water; electrolytes, proteins, lipids, carbs

A

protoplasm

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2
Q

Semi-liquid contents between cell membrane & nuclear membrane, surrounds organelles

A

cytoplasm

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3
Q

Semi-liquid contents within nucleus

A

nucleoplasm

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4
Q

DNA complexed with nucleoproteins

A

chromatin

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5
Q

Packaged chromatin

A

chromosomes

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6
Q

Segments of DNA coding for particular traits contained in chromosomes

A

genes

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7
Q

Different forms of same gene

A

alleles

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8
Q

Sorting of chromosome pairs according to size & shape

A

karyotyping

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9
Q

Electron-dense, darkly-staining, inactive DNA & nucleoproteins

A

heterochromatin

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10
Q

dispersed DNA active in transcription

A

euchromatin

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11
Q

Cells active in translation will have prominent ____ & abundant _____

A

nucleolus;euchromatin

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12
Q

Most of DNA-associated protein in eukaryotes; assist with DNA folding- chromatin organization into chromosomes

A

histones

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13
Q

segments of DNA wrap around several histones; regulate activity

A

nucleosomes

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14
Q

facilitates changing back and forth of euchromatin and heterochromatin

A

nucleoproteins

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15
Q

additional category of nucleoproteins; may also be involved in regulation of gene activity

A

non-histones

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16
Q

surrounds nucleus that separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm

A

nuclear envelope

17
Q

separates inner and outer membrane nuclear membrane

A

perinuclear cisterna

18
Q

inner nuclear membrane associated with network of lamin filaments for support

A

nuclear lamina

19
Q

70-80nm diameter channels surrounded by a ring of proteins that regulate exchange of macromolecules between nucleus and cytoplasm

A

nucleoporins

20
Q

connect inner and outer nuclear membranes

A

nuclear pore complex

21
Q

proteinaceous structures that contain rRNA; synthesized & assembled in nucleolus

A

ribosomes

22
Q

powerhouse of the cell that produces ATP, site of oxidative phosphorylation and Kreb’s cycle

A

mitochondria

23
Q

pleated inner membrane of mitochondria

A

cristae

24
Q

Contains surface receptors for ribosomes and specializes in protein synthesis

A

rough ER

25
Q

Function in lipid synthesis, transport of proteins to golgi, synthesis of cholesterol & steroid hormones, and is involved in detoxification & conjugation of drugs and toxins

A

smooth ER

26
Q

Surround & coat proteins for transport, bud off sER, transport proteins between sER & golgi & between golgi and cell surface

A

coated vesicles

27
Q

Complex of flattened, stacked, membrane-bound cisternae; functions in post-translational modification, packaging, & sorting of proteins synthesized in rER

A

golgi

28
Q

Forming face; proteins arrive from rER in coated transfer vesicles; convex

A

cis golgi face

29
Q

Maturing face; proteins packaged into clathrin-coated vesicles for secretion; concave

A

trans golgi face

30
Q

during exocytosis and secretion, large amounts of intracellular membrane incorporated into outer cell membrane; recycled by golgi

A

membrane trafficking

31
Q

membrane-bound vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes; used to degrade organelles & cells with finite life spans during apoptosis

A

lysosomes

32
Q

Type of endocytic vesicles with acid pH in lumen

A

endosomes

33
Q

membrane-bound organelles containing oxidative enzymes (oxidases); found in liver and kidneys; use enzymes, free radicals, & hydrogen peroxide to oxidize toxic metabolites

A

peroxisomes

34
Q

non-living components of the cell (fat droplets, lipids, glycogen)

A

inclusions

35
Q

black, brown granular pigment produced by melanocytes and is transported to other cells

A

melanin

36
Q

gold-brown granules; frequently seen in neurons; sometimes called old age pigment

A

lipufuscin

Histology (10 decks)

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