Nervous Tissue Flashcards
What does CNS include
Brain and spinal cord
What is the difference between neurons and neuroglial cells
Neurons have receptive, integrative, and motor fxns
Nueroglial cells support and protect the neurons
Are all the organs in dendrites
No, they don’t have Gogli
What are Nissl bodies
clumps of basophilic material near the soma that are basically RER aggregaties
Are sensory neurons afferent or efferent
afferent
Are motor neurons afferent or efferent
efferent
What is the most common unipolar, bipolar or multipolar
multipolar
Where do you find actin filaments in neurons
provide structural support and near the plasma membrane
Where do you find intermediate filaments in neurons
provide structural support throughout the cytoplasm
What is fast axonal transport? What does it move?
anterograde and retrograde transport of membrance bound vessicle and mitochondria
kinesin/dyenin dependent
Which direction is anterograde is the neuron
toward the axon terminus (+) end
What does slow axonal transport move?
cytoskeletal components and other soluble proteins dont really know how it works.
What is the most common type of synapse
chemical
Which neurotransmitter is released at a nueromuscular junction
acetylcholine
What is Myasthenia Gravis
Autoimmune disease directed against AcH receptor (blocks binding of AcH and degredation of receptors)
-muscle weakness
What does botulism effect
the botulinum toxin blocks neurotransmitter release - profound muscle weakness
What are astrocytes
provide structural support for nervous tissue in CNS, help form BBB, take up neurotransmitter to maintain gradients
What is the most abundant neuroglial cell in CNS
astrocytes
What are microglial cells
defensive cells in the CNS
What are satellite cells
have peripheral ganglia, support growth factos. cna see them on slides surrounding the cell body of neurons
What are oligodendrocytes
form myelin sheaths around CNS nerve fibers. a single one can mylelinate multiple axons
Schwann Cells
Form myelin sheaths in PNS. For myelinated axons it wraps multiple times around single axons, in unmyelinated axons schwann cells surround multiple axons and encircle all of them
During PNS nerve regeneration does it start from muscle end or neuron end
DIstal (muscle) end. If it meets the old sprouting axon it is succesfful.
What is the difference between a neuron and its regenerated neuron even after successful regeneration
it has one additional schwann cells which slightly lowers the transmission of signals
how are neurons repaired in the cns
very poorly
What is a neuroma
On the end that was injured if the regeneration does not connect there will be random firings from the neuroma causing phantom pain.
What do PMP-22 abnormalitlies affect
myelination in the PNS
What is HSMN 1
Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 1. it causes demyelination in the peripheral nerves
What is Charcol Marie Tooth Syndrome type 1
CMT-1
duplication of PMP 22 which leads to schwann cells hyperplasia. they get enlarged and it blocks conduction
Which part of a nerve does MS affect
myelin. can be rebuilt, but each time it is not as good.
