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Histology-Exam 2 > Bone Marrow > Flashcards

Bone Marrow Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mesoblastic phase? when?

A

Aggregates of blood cells form in the yolk sac called blood islands. stats 2 weeks post conception

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2
Q

What is the hepato-splenic phase? When?

A

When organs start to appear. 2 months

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3
Q

What is the myeolid phase? When is it

A

Starts at the end of the second trimester and continues throughout life, RBC formation starts in bone marrow

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4
Q

When do leukocytes appear during gestation

A

8 weeks

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5
Q

Where does hemopoiesis occur in children

A

Marrow of long bones like femur and tibis

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6
Q

Where does hemopoiesis occur in adults

A

Mainly in pelvis, cranium, vertebrae and sternum

Found in cancellous bone (spongy bone)

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7
Q

What is yellow marrow

A

located in long bones and is highly inflitrated with fat, not hemopoietic but can become so if necessary

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8
Q

What are sinusoids in bone marrow

A

large vessels with thin enothelial cells around them. surrounded by reticular fibers and cells

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9
Q

What is the stroma in bone marrow

A

3D network fo adventitial/reitcular cells and reticular fibers.

everything not involved in hemtopoesis

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10
Q

Parenchyma

A

bone marrow divided into hematopoeitc compartments responsible for synthesis or RBCs and WBCs

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11
Q

What are adventitial cells in bone marrow

A

basically fibroblasts. helps divide bone marrow cavity into smaller compartments

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12
Q

What does a megakaryocyte make

A

Platelets. Largest cells you can see if marrow

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13
Q

Are stem cells common in bone marrow? do they have mitotic activity

A

Rare in bone marrow, ow mitotic activity, potentiality.

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14
Q

Progenitor Cells

A

not morphologically distinguishable, have high mitotic activity, common in marrow and lymphoid organs, mono or bi potential

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15
Q

What type of cells during meatopoiesis does morphologic differentiation begin

A

Precursor cells (blasts)

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16
Q

Precursor Cells are called what? mitotic acticity? how many types of cells can they become

A

Blasts. They are where you can start to see morphological differentiation; high mitotic activity
common in marrow and lymph
monopotentital

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17
Q

do Mature Cells of hematopoisis have mitotic activity

A

No

18
Q

Which hematopoietic cells are most influenced by growth factors:

stem cells, progenitor cells, blasts (precursor), mature cells

A

progenitor, precursor

19
Q

Which hematopoietic cells are self renewing

stem cells, progenitor cells, blasts (precursor), mature cells

A

Mostly stem cells, a little bit progenitor

20
Q

Which hematopoietic cells have mitotic activity

stem cells, progenitor cells, blasts (precursor), mature cells

A

all but mature cells

21
Q

What is an erythroblast? How big is it? What is th enucleous, cytoplasm like

A

Large, loose lacey chromatin, visible nucleoli, basophilic cytoplasm

22
Q

What is formed from a proerythroblast? What is a new important feature
what is the nucleus like?

A

Basophilic erythroblast. onset of Hb synthesis

strongly basophilic cytoplasm, condensened nucleus, no nucleoli

23
Q

What is ater a basophilic erythroblast?

A

Polychromatophilic ertryhoblast. the cytoplasm is full of Hb, less polyribosomes, final stage with mitosis

24
Q

What is the last stage with mitosis during erythrocyte formation

A

Polychromatophilic ertryhoblast.

25
Q

How many orthochromatiphilic erythroblasts is made from every 1 proerythroblasts

what is the nucleus like

A

8

condensed nucleus

26
Q

What is a reticulocyte

A

most immature rbc released into blood and the extruded nucleus is left on the erythoblastic island

27
Q

In granulopoiesis what are the mitotic cell types and which are postmitotic

A

mitotic: myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte

postmitotic/: metamyelocyte, band form, segmented neutrophil

28
Q

What features differentiate the promyelocyte from the myeloblast

A

Promyelocyte has basophilic cytoplasm and azurophilic granules

29
Q

What features differentiate the promyelocyte from the myelocyte

A

In myelocyte can see more specific types of granules appearing

30
Q

What features differentiate the band form from the metamyleocyte

A

Band form has band or ribbon shaped nucleus

31
Q

What is the most immature stage cell in granulopoiesis released to blood

A

Band Cell

32
Q

What is the last mitotic stage of monopoiesis

A

promonocyte

33
Q

Where do circulating lymphocytes originate? what about their progenitors

A

Thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissue but progenitors come from bone marrow

34
Q

What is the first identifiable progenitor in lymphopoesis

A

a lymphoblast. a large cell that can divide 2-3 times

35
Q

What is a prolymphocyte

A

originates from lymphoblast it has more condensed chromatin and migrates to lymphoid tissue where is undergoes further matuartion to become imminocompetent (t or b antigens)

36
Q

what is the difference between chronic and acute leukemia

A

chornic is more slowly progressing ebause the proliferating cells are partyly or completely differentiated but in acute it is rapidly proliferating because cells are undifferentiated precursor cells

37
Q

What is unique about platelet formation

A

the megakaryoblasts replicate dna without dividing so they have big nucleus and can be up to 64n. it becomes megakaryocyte which releases platelets

38
Q

What is thrombocytopenia

A

a severe reduction in the number of circulating platelets

-theombocytopenia purpura, petichie, echymoses,leukemia, mestastic cancers, chemo drugs

39
Q

Thrombocytopenia purpura

A

spontaneous bleeding/ clotting defects from extremeley low platelet numbers. can get this form drugs that block megakaryocytes.

Present with petichiea, echymoses

40
Q

What is petichie

A

pin prick bruising that may be a sign of Thrombocytopenia purpura

41
Q

what is echymoses

A

a bruise

Histology-Exam 2 (13 decks)

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