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Histology-Exam 2 > Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage

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2
Q

What type of fiber is in hyaline cartilage

A

type 2 collagen

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3
Q

What type of fiber is in elastic cartilage

A

type 2 collagen plus elastic fibers

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4
Q

What type of fiber is in fibrocartilage

A

type 1 collagen

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5
Q

Where can you find elastic cartilage

A

Head area: ear, epiglottis, laryngeal cartilages, pharyngo-tympanic tubes

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6
Q

Where is hylaine cartilage

A

It is most abundant

nose, upper respiratory passages, costal cartilages, articular cartilages in legs

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7
Q

Where is fibrocartilage

A

Intervertebral discs, Pubis symphis, meniscus of knee, insertion of achilees tendon

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8
Q

What is the perichondrium? what are the two layers

A

layer of dense irregular ct that surrounds catrilage of developing bone. fibrous and chondrogenic layers.

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9
Q

What do chondroblasts do

A

Make cartilage matric

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10
Q

What are chondrocytes

A

The mature cells in lacunae of matrix that have differentiated from perichondrium

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11
Q

What are the two kinds of chondrocyte growth in cartilage

A

appositional or interstitial

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12
Q

what is interstitial growth

A

division of preexsisting chondrocytes.

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13
Q

what is appositional growth

A

from the differnetiation of chondrogenic cells in perichondrium

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14
Q

what are isogenous groups

A

deep groups of 4-8 chondrocytes that are all from a single progenitor cell formed by interstitial growth

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15
Q

What differentiates elastic cartilage from hyaline cartialge

A

Is like hyaline but also has elastic fibers. looks yellowish color

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16
Q

Which of the cartilages have a visible perichondrium

A

Elastic and hyaline not fibrocartilage

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17
Q

What is in bone matrix

A

Osteoid- (35% of weight) type 1 collagen, PGs, GAGs (chondrotin and keratan sulfate)
Hydroxyapetite- (65% of weight) calcium which mineralizes it, making it hard

18
Q

Applied pressure vs applied tension

A

applied pressure leads to bone resorption, applied tension leads to bone formation

19
Q

What is the periosteum

A

noncalcified membrane that is on outer surface of all bones except joint of long bones

20
Q

what lines the inside marrow cavities

A

endosteum

21
Q

What do osteoblasts make? Where are they located?

A

Make osteoid (organic components) and deposit inorganic components. On the surface of the bone tissue.

Made from osteoprogenitor cells

22
Q

Where are osteocytes located? What is there function

A

THey are derived from osteoblasts. they sit in lacuna surrounded by bone matrix and help maintain bone matrix

23
Q

how do osteocytes connect to other osteocytes

A

via gap junctions between cyoplasmic process in canaliculi

24
Q

Are osteoclasts small? mobile?

A

Big and mobile.

25
Q

DO osteocytes have multiple nuclei or one

A

Mulitple

26
Q

What is the border between an osteoclast and matrix

A

RUffled border where enzymes are secreted

27
Q

What is the Howship’s lacuna

A

bone pits formed by the enzymes released by osteoclasrs

28
Q

What molecule is released by osteocytes

A

Carbanoic anhydrase which releases H+ to help break down hydroxyappetite.

29
Q

Osteoperosis

A

Estrogen dependent decline in osteoblast activity

30
Q

Rickets

A

Osteomalacia, disturbance in bone mineralizations due to lack of calcium or vitamin d. can’t take up calcium without vitamin d

31
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

malignant tumorderived form osteoblasts (more common in children) seen in the bones around the knee joint but can metastasize quickly.

32
Q

What is the difference between the Haversian and Volkmanns canal

A

Haversian are verticle with nutrients

Volkmanns transverse across long axis.

33
Q

Intramembranous bone formation

A

For flat bones. Mesenchymal condensation

34
Q

What is the type of bone formation for long and short bones

A

Endochondral bone formation

-hyaline cartilage model

35
Q

Where is the primary center of ossification for Endochondral bone formation

A

Mid of diaphysis

36
Q

Where is the secondary center of ossification for Endochondral bone formation

A

In epiphyses. Add cartilage at epihyseal emd and replace with bone on diaphyseal end.

37
Q

What is in the zone of reserve cartilage?

A

In epiphyseal plate it is the epiphyseal side of the plate. has random inactive chondrocytes.

38
Q

What is the zone of proliferation

A

chondrocyte proliferation- rapid mitotic division

39
Q

what is the zone of hypertrophy

A

chondrocytes enlarge

40
Q

what is the zone of calcified matrix

A

chondrocytes die and cartilage calcified.

41
Q

what is the zone of ossification

A

osteoblasts elaborate bone matrix on calcified cartilage. makes calcified cartilage- calcified bone complex which is resorbed and replaced by bone.

Histology-Exam 2 (13 decks)

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