Blood Flashcards
What percent of blood is erythrocytes? plasma? buffy coat?
erythrocytes: 45-50%
plasma: 50%
buffy coat: platelet/leukocytes: 1%
When you spin blood what is on the bottom of the tube
Erythrocytes they are the heaviest because of the hemoglobin. Plasma is the lightest.
What are the fibers in blood
Fibrin
What is albumin? source? fxn?
Blood protein, small (about 60 kDa). From the liver. Maintains osmotic pressure of blood.
What is alpha and beta Globlin? source? fxn?
blood protein from the liver for transport
What is gamma globulin? source? fxn?
blood protein from plasma cells that is for antibodies of immune defense
What are clotting proteins? examples? source? fxn?
fibrinogen, prothrombin
from the liver
form fibrin threads
What are complement proteins C1-C9? source? fxn?
from the liver. help with destruction of microorganisms and initiation of inflammation
What are Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL
C: 100-500 um transport triglycerides from diet to liver
VLDL: 25-70nm triglycerides from liver to body
LDL: 300kDa choletserol from liver to body
How big are erythrocytes? What is their lifespan
7.5 um in diameter
about 120 days
How do we get rid of erythrocytes
by macrophages in spleen bone marrow and liver
How do erythrocytes stain?
Densely (darker on the outside) because they are homogenous and contain hemoglobin
What charge is on the surface of RBC? What gives it that
glycophorin C is glycosylated which gives it a negative charge and makes it hydrophilic (means the cells want to interact with plasma not each other
how do rbc generate atp
glycolysis -anaerobic metabolism
Reticulocytes
1-2% of RBCs. immature rbcs that result from leakage of bone marrow before they are fully mature. contain residual ribosomes and other organelles. Have less Hb compared to mature RBCs
(stained by metthylene blue with structures)
What does Hb + O2 make? what color
Oxyhemoglobin (bright red)
What does Hb + CO2 make? what color
Carbaminohemoglobin (dark red). might look a little blue in the lips/fingers
What does Hb + CO make? what color
Carboxyhemoglobin (cherry red) make actually still look healthy
What is the cause of hypochromic anemia
Relatively normal looking cells (LOOK PALER), can be due to iron deficiency or blood loss
what are symptoms of anemia
fatigue, pale complexion, breathlessness
what is normochromic anemia what causes it
staining still looks normal but not as effecient at carrying oxygen
sickle cell anemia, hereditay spherocytosis
What is hereditary spherocytosis
causes normochromic anemia. Effects cytoskeleton of RBCs and they are not as effeecient at transporting oxygen and more fragile. In infants they have hemolytic jaundice. can try to remove the spleen in the long term.
What is polycythemia
Erythrocytosis. Too many RBCs. can be due to moving to high altitude – can cause blindness (everest) because it increases the viscosity of the blood
WHat are the three types of granulocytes? What percent of total WBC is each
neutrophilic granulocytes 60-70% , eosionophilic granulocytes 2-4% , basophilic granulcutes less than1%
all types of Leukocytes
WHat are the two types of agranulocytes? what percent of total WBC are they
Monocyte 3-8% and Lymphocyte 20-25%)(both types of leukocytes)
What are the three types of granules
azurophilic (primary) specific (secondary) tertiary
What types of granules do neutrophils have? function?
All 3. fxn to phagocytose microorganisms
WHat is distinct about neutrophil nucleus
distinct multi-lobed nucleus (highly segmented)
What is different in female neutrophils?
A Barr body/drumstick appendage is there from inactive x chromosome
What is a Band/Stab cell
immature neutrophil in circulation 0-3% of circulating WBCs
What does an eposinophil nucleus look like? the granules?
its bilobed and the granules are coarse
main fxn of eosionphils
major basic protein in eosiophilic granules kills parasitic worms.
What does a basophil nucleaus look like? granules?
It is multilobed and so are the granules. they stain the same color so nucleus often hard to make out
what are in basophilic granules? what is basophil fxn
heparin and histamine. mediate inflammatory reponse similar to mast cells. in anaphylaxis
What do the nucleus of monocytes look like. cytoplasm
oval, horseshoe/kidney shape. cytoplasm has no granules and is basophilic.
fxn of monocytes
precurosr cells of MPS that dfferentiate into CT macrophages
What is the nucleus of lymphocytes like? cytoplasm?
round or slightly indented and rich in heterochromatin. the cytoplasm is basophilic
What is the fxn of lymphocytes
1: B cells: plasma cells
2. T cells, cytotoxic, hleper, supressor
3. null cells, circulating stem cells, Natural killer cells
What are the two areas of platelets/thrombocytes
Hyalomere- clear peripheral region
Granulomere- darkly stained central reion
What is the fxn of platelets
blood coagulation. alpha, lambda, delta granules
What are alpha granules of platelets
contain fibrinogen and PDGF (platelet dervied growth factor)- stimulates growth of endothelial cells.
What are delta granules of platelets
Dense bodies. Contain serotonin and ADP. serotonin is a smooth muscle contractor, that closes off the site of damage, ADP attracts more platelets.
What are lambda granules of platelets
Lysosomes. contain acid hydrolases and breaks down the blood clot
What does the dense tubular system do in platelets
Involved in Ca2+ sequestration.
What does the canalicular system in platelets do
They serve as ports of extracellular surface.
