Nervous System & Mental Fxn Flashcards
Parkinson’s Disease
Secondary Signs & Symtoms
- dementia
- vital capacity declines
- poorly localized pain
- paresthesia
- ¡ autonomic control
- sweating
- drooling (sialorrhea) d/t abnormal swallowing
- loss of volume & emotion in voice
- inability to stay asleep
Parkinson’s Disease
Primary Signs & Symptoms
- vague unilateral weakness
- muscular rigidity
- resting tremor (pill rolling)
- bradykinesia > akinesia
- cogwell rigidity
- impaired postural reflexes (loss of balance); disturbance of spacial organization, dependence on visual input for balance
- tight facial appearance (parkinsonian mask)
- cognitive decline
- depression / panic attacks
- gait abnormalities: ¡ step length & arm swing, festination of gait (inability to stop)
- micrographia (handwriting becomes small)
Multiple Sclerosis
Onset: 13-35 y.o; women > men by 2:1
• disease of temperate climate - highest incidence: born in latitudes of 40º-45º; possible genetic risk
• most common location of early lesions are sensory (numbness), pyramidal (LE weakness), cerebellar (double vision, vertigo) & visual pathways (blurred vision, loss of vision in one eye)
•sclerotic plaques disseminate through the brain & spinal cord
• presentation is highly variable; the # of exacerbations per yr is directly related to progression of disease; the younger the onset the better the prognosis
Multiple Sclerosis
Signs & Symptoms
- intermittent unilateral vision impairment (blurring, diplopia)
- paresthesias • ataxia • vertigo •fatigue •extremity weakness
- box & block test score changes
- reports sensation of compression around a limb • hyper-reflexia
- (+) Babinski • dysmetria
- Lhermitte’s sign: electric sensation down back w/ neck flexion
- sensitivity to temp changes • low back pain 2º to trunk hypotonia
MS Classification
Type : Manifestation
relapsing remitting : episode followed by recovery
secondary progressive : steadily progressive pattern
primary progressive : steady decline from onset
progressive relapsing : progressive disease w/ exacerbation
Acute HA : etiology
trauma, infection, impending CVA
Chronic HA : etiology
eye strain, ETOH, inadequate ventilation
Severe & Intense HA : etiology
meningitis, aneurysm, brain tumor
Throbbing / Pulsating HA : etiology
migraine, fever, hypertension, aortic insufficiency
Constant HA : etiology
muscle contraction / guarding
AM pain HA : etiology
sinusitis (w/ discharge), ETOH, hypertension, sleeping position
Afternoon pain HA : etiology
eye strain, muscle tension
Night pain HA : etiology
intracranial disease, nephritis
Forehead HA : etiology
sinusitis, nephritis
Temporal HA : etiology
eye / ear Sx, migraine
