Endocrine System & Metabolism : Pathology Flashcards
Addison’s Disease
hyposecretion of glucocorticoids
Acromegaly
hypersecretion of GH during adulthood
Aldosteronism
hypersecretion of aldosterone
Cretinism
hyposecretion of the thyroid hormones during the growth years
Cushing’s Syndrome
hypersecretion of glucocorticoids
Diabetes Mellitus
deficiency of insulin
Dwarfism
hyposecretion of GH during growth
Gigantism
hypersecretion of GH during growth
Gynecomastia
release of sufficient feminizing hormones in maless
Hyperparathyroidism
may result in stone formation / Osteitis Fibrous Cystic (chronic bone reabsorption)
Myxedema
hypothyroidism during adulthood
Ophthalmic Goiter
hyperthyroidism goiter + exopthalamus
Simple Goiter
changes in the thyroid d/t iodine deficiency
Tetany
muscle contraction caused by hypoparathyroidism
Virilism
excess production of ACTH & androgens d/t inhibited glucocorticoids
Hyperthyroidism : Sx
- tachycardia • hyperactive reflexes • ^ sweating
- heat intolerance • fatigue • tremor •nervousness • polydipsia
- weakness • ^ appetite • dyspnea • weight loss • diarrhea
- apathy • depression • muscular atrophy • anorexia
Hypothyroidism : Sx
- ¡ basal metabolic rate • dry skin • muscle/joint pain
- proximal weakness • lethargy, depression, apathy • confusion
- weight gain • edema around the eyes • loss of lateral eyebrow
- cardiomegaly • constipation •cold intolerance • brittle nails
- sparce/coarse hair • peripheral edema
- joint effusion w/ Ca+ deposits • CTS • slow healing • hoarseness
- pulse rate < 60 in untrained person
Diabetes Mellitus : Types
Type 1 (IDDM) : insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, juvenile onset Type 2 (NIDDM) : non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, adult onset
Diabetes Mellitus : Signs & Symptoms
- ^ urination
- ^ thirst
- ^ hunger
- ^ fatigue / lethargy
- paresthesia (numbness / tingling) in feet / hands
Diabetes Mellitus : Complications
- blindness
- glaucoma
- cataracts
- headache
- stroke
- foot ulcers
- kidney disease
Abnormal Blood Glucose
Hypoglycemia
- blood glucose < 50-60 mg/dL • skin is pale, cool, diaphoretic
- disoriented / agitated • HA • blurred vision • slurred speech
- tachycardic w/ palpitations • weak / shaky • lip / tongue numbness
- LOC (loss of consciousness)
Abnormal Blood Glucose
Hyperglycemia
- blood glucose > 180 mg/dL • skin is dry & flushed
- fruity breath odor • blurred vision • dizziness • weakness
- neasea • vomiting • cramping • increased urination • LOC / seizures
