Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards by Yesika Bravo

What part of the eye lacks blood supply and receives nourishment from the secretions of the lachrymal glands?

a) Iris
b) Lens
c) Retina
d) Cornea

Cornea

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What are the ridges in the brain called?

a) Sulcus
b) Sulci
c) Gyri

Gyri

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Which cranial nerve provides the sensory input for the gag reflex?

a) Vestibulocochlear nerve
b) Phrenic nerve
c) Oculomotor nerve
d) Glossopharyngeal nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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Which nerve is anaesthetized when extracting a tooth from the lower jaw?

a) Facial nerve
b) Mental nerve
c) Inferior alveolar nerve
d) Zygomaticotemporal nerve

Inferior alveolar nerve

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What is the order food passes along the digestive tract?

Jejunum > Ileum > Ascending colon > Transverse colon > Descending colon > Sigmoid colon

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What is the smallest muscle in the body?

a) Stylopharyngeus
b) Stapedius
c) Hypoglossus
d) Auricularis anterior

Stapedius

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Our body creates 25 million new cells in how much time?

Every second

• about 2 trillion are produced by an adult body every day.

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The pelvic floor is comprised of which group of muscles?

a) Levator ani
b) scalenes
c) Quadriceps
d) Lumbricals

Levator ani

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Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?

Median Nerve

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The major artery that is located on either side of the neck is…

Carotid artery

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The flap that covers your windpipe is called?

a) Glottis
b) Epiglottis
c) Trachea
d) Cartilage

Epiglottis

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Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

a) Diaphragmatic nerve
b) Hypogastric plexus
c) Vagus nerve
d) Phrenic nerve

Phrenic nerve

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What is the name of the median wall that separates the left & right side of he human heart?

a) Septum
b) Atrium
c) Vallum
d) Pericardium

Septum

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What is the average daily production of gastric/stomach acid?

a) 1.5 liters
b) 1.0 liters
c) 0.355 liters
d) 0.5 liters

1.5 liters

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About how much blood does an adult kidney process in an average day?

a) 800 liters
b) 1800 liters
c) 300 liters
d) 30 liters

1800 liters

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The rotator cuffs are located where?

Shoulders

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The entire sympathetic outflow arises from these spinal nerves…

a) C8 - L4
b) C1 - S5
c) T1 - T12
d) T1 - L2

T1 - L2

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The brain contains how many ventricles?

a) 3
b) 6
c) 4
d) 5

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Which is the longest muscle in the body?

a) Palmaris lonus
b) Biceps brachii
c) Gluteus maximus
d) Sartorius

Sartorius

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What is the smallest bone in the body?

a) Trapezoid
b) Stirrup
c) Metacarpal
d) Triquetral

Stirrup (a.k.a. Stapes)

• one of the 3 main bones (ossicles) in the middle ear connecting the eardrum to the cochlea

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Which organ is part of the immune system in early life?

a) Thalamus
b) Parathyroid gland
c) Thymus gland
d) Thyroid gland

Thymus gland

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What is the longest bone in the body?

Femur

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How many bones are in the skull?

a) 30
b) 22
c) 15
d) 10

• 8 cranial, 14 facial

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About how fast do nerve impulses from muscle signals move?

a) 100 m/sec
b) 8000 m/sec
c) 50 m/sec
d) 10 m/sec

100 m/sec

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Which of the following organs cannot be successfully transplanted? a) Kidney b) Heart c) Bladder d) Liver

Bladder

Which of the following glands secretes the largest amount of hormones? a) Thyroid gland b) Pituitary gland c) Pancreas d) Pineal gland

Pituitary gland

On average, how much does an adult salivate per day? a) 0.1 liters b) 3.78 liters c) 2 liters d) 1 liter

1 liter

Which of the following organs is part of the lymphatic system? a) Spleen b) Pancreas c) Lungs d) Adrenal gland

Spleen

Roughly what part of whole blood is comprised of blood cells (reds, whites, & platelets)? a) 22% b) 62% c) 45% d) 82%

45%

Which of the following bones in part of the axial skeleton? a) Clavicle b) Pelvis c) Mandible d) Femur

Mandible

How many teeth does the average adult have? a) 32 b) 34 c) 28 d) 29

32 teeth

How many bones in one upper limb? a) 20 b) 30 c) 50 d) 40

30 bones

What is the average normal urinary output for an adult? a) 1500 ml b) 300 ml c) 400 ml d) 3000 ml

1500 ml

What role does aldosterone play in the human body? a) Controls reabsorption of sodium ions from primary urine in the kidney b) Controls the BMR of the body c) Controls the levels of adrenalin in the body d) Controls the reabsorption of water in the body

Controls reabsorption of sodium ions from primary urine in the kidneys

What is the basic excretory unit of the human kidney? a) Nephron b) Malpighian body c) Bowman's capsule d) Glomerulus

Nephron

What is the largest organ in the body? a) Small Intestine b) Large Intestine c) Skin d) Nervous System

Skin

How many valves does the heart have?

4 valves | • 2 atrioventricular valves & 2 semilunar valves

Where is the visual cortex located?

The back of the brain

The XII cranial nerve which controls the tongue is called? a) Abducens b) Vagus c) Trigeminal d) Hypoglossal

Hypoglossal

What is the heaviest internal organ of the body? a) Liver b) both Lungs c) both Kidneys d) Heart

Liver

When listening to the heart one hears the first loud sound 'lub' followed by a shorter softer sound 'dub'. What causes the first louder sound? a) the closure of the pulmonary semilunar valve b) the closure of the parietal valve c) the closure of the mitral & tricuspid valve d) the closure of the aortic valve

The closure of the mitral & tricuspid valve

Motor neurons are present in? a) between synapses b) Dorsal root c) Ventral root d) between dorsal & ventral roots

Ventral root

How long are the intestines of a living average adult? a) approx 60 feet b) approx 25 feet c) approx 45 feet d) approx 10 feet

Approx 25 feet

Which of the following is a symptom of dehydration? a) tinnitus b) muscle cramps c) slow heart beat d) clear colored urine

Muscle cramps

Not including the ear bones, how many bones are in the skull? a) 30 b) 15 c) 10 d) 22

22 | • 8 cranial, 14 facial (6 ear bones not normally considered part of the skull)

The largest artery in the body is? a) Renal b) Iliac c) Femoral d) Aorta

Aorta

How many bones are in the human body? a) 365 b) 150 c) 206 d) 296

206

The entire blood supply passes once through the heart about... a) once every five minutes b) twice every five minutes c) twice every minute d) once every minute

Once every minute

Which gland releases growth hormones? a) Pituitary gland b) Pineal gland c) Pancreas d) Adrenal gland

Pituitary gland

How many vertebrae does an adult have? a) 26 b) 29 c) 28 d) 20

T/F : the pancreas has an endocrine & exocrine function?

True

Arrange the following structures in the order in which food passes through them: [1] cecum, [2] descending colon, [3] rectum, [4] sigmoid colon, [5] transverse colon a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 b) 1, 5, 2, 4, 3 c) 2, 5, 1, 3, 4 d) 3, 1, 5, 2, 4

1, 5, 2, 4, 3

The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the... a) duodenum b) pyloric sphincter c) ileum d) jejunum

Ileum

Arrange the following sphincters in the order in which food passes through them: [1] external anal sphincter, [2] ileocecal sphincter, [3] lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter, [4] pyloric sphincter a) 2, 3, 4, 1 b) 4, 2, 1, 3 c) 2, 1, 3, 4 d) 3, 4, 2, 1

3, 4, 2, 1

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed? a) B12 b) K c) A d) C

B12

The ___ secretes peptidases & disaccharides, whereas the ___ secretes trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase & lipase. a) stomach, small intestine b) small intestine, pancreas c) liver, pancreas d) liver, small intestine

small intestine, pancreas

Which of the following anchors the liver to the stomach? a) lesser omentum b) muscle c) gastrichepatic serosa d) greater omentum

Lesser omentum

T/F: Payer's patches are found in the submucosa of the distal end of the small intestine.

True

Which hormone causes the pancreas to release an enzyme rich juice? a) gastrin b) cholecystokinin (CCK) c) insulin d) histamine

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

T/F: Pancreatic juice consists mostly of water and is acidic.

False

T/F: The storage & concentration area for bile is the gallbladder.

True

T/F: Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach.

True

Which blood vessels do nutrients go to after leaving the small intestines? a) hepatic artery b) superior mesenteric vein c) hepatic portal vein d) inferior mesenteric vein

Hepatic portal vein

The portion of the large intestine closest to the liver is? a) ascending colon b) transverse colon c) rectum d) descending colon

Transverse colon

What is the duct that drains the bile from the liver? a) cystic b) common hepatic c) common bile d) bile

Common hepatic

Which of the following will stimulate both gallbladder contraction & secretion of pancreatic juice? a) gastrin b) histamine c) secretin d) cholecystakinin (CCK)

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of? a) mastication b) fermentation c) catabolism d) anabolism

Catabolism

Amylase is a digestive enzyme from the? a) stomach b) spleen c) pancreas d) liver

Pancreas

Which of the following is not an accessory digestive organ? a) teeth b) mouth c) liver d) salivary glands

Mouth

The correct sequence for the layers within the wall of the alimentary canal from the inside to the outside is the... a) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa b) submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, mucosa c) serosa, mucosa, muscularis externa, submucosa d) muscularis externa, mucosa, serosa, submucosa

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

One of the major functions of the large intestine is to... a) reabsorb 95% of ingested water b) remove water material c) regulate the release of bile d) secrete digestive enzymes

Remove water material

A damaged liver would predominantly affect the digestion of... a) proteins b) starches c) carbohydrates d) lipids

Lipids

In enzyme controlled reactions, the role of certain vitamins such as niacin is to act as... a) an enzyme b) a coenzyme c) a polypeptide d) a substrate

A coenzyme

Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the digestive system? a) gallbladder b) liver c) spleen d) pancreas

Spleen

The 'lock & key hypothesis' attempts to explain the mechanism of... a) pinocytosis b) sharing of electrons c) vacuole formation d) enzyme specificity

Enzyme specificity

Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a... a) vitamin b) coenzyme c) substrate d) polypeptide

Substrate

Which element is present in maltase, but not in maltose? a) nitrogen b) oxygen c) carbon d) hydrogen

Nitrogen

Vitamins are essential for the survival of organisms because vitamins usually function as... a) nucleic acid b) coenzymes c) substrates d) nucelotides

Coenzymes

The pancreatic duct transports secretions from the pancreas to the... a) duodenum b) liver c) stomach d) colon

Duodenum

Which of the following enzymes digests fats? a) fatase b) lipase c) sucrase d) protease

Lipase

Wavelike motions that propel food through the GI system are called... a) peristalsis b) contractions c) segmentation d) oropharynxis

Peristalsis

Lipase, maltase & protease are member of a group of catalysts known as... a) lipids b) carbohydrates c) hormones d) enzymes

enzymes

Salivary amylase secreted into the oral cavity starts the digestion of... a) lipids b) proteins c) amino acids d) starch

Starch

What age group is most likely to develop pyloric stenosis? a) seniors b) adults c) infants d) children

Infants

What is the beginning of the large intestine called? a) cholecystokinin (CCK) b) chyme c) common bile duct d) cecum

Cecum

How many pairs of salivary glands are there? a) 6 b) 5 c) 4 d) 3

Which group of organic compounds include the enzymes? a) proteins b) carbohydrates c) lipids d) starches

Proteins

Which of the following is classified as an enzyme? a) manganese dioxide b) protease c) galactose d) lipids

Protease

An enzyme that hydrolyzes protein will not act upon starch. This fact is an indication that enzymes are... a) specific b) hydrolitic c) catalytic d) synthetic

Specific

What is the 'pyloric pump'? a) undigested food moving through the ileocecal valve b) food movement through the esophagus into the stomach c) chyme moving from the stomach into the small intestine d) feces moving through the internal anal sphincter

Chyme moving from the stomach in the small intestine

The final portion of the small intestine is the... a) jejunum b) ileum c) duodenum d) colon

Ileum

During digestion, proteins are broken down into molecules of... a) nucleic acids b) glucose c) amino acids d) fatty acids

Amino acids

Which muscles protrude & retract the tongue, moving it from side to side? a) masseter & temporalis muscles b) buccinator & masseter muscles c) extrinsic tongue muscle d) intrinsic tongue muscle

Extrinsic tongue muscle

Glucose is stored in the liver as... a) glycogen b) starch c) fat d) ATP

Glycogen

Bile is produced in the... a) pancreas b) liver c) small intestine d) stomach

Liver

The frenulum is part of the... a) skull b) muscle of mastication c) tongue d) teeth

Tongue

Large mucosal folds formed when the stomach is empty are called... a) rugae b) the fundus c) the pyloric sphincter d) the muscularis layer

Rugae

All of the following are substances found in pancreatic juice EXCEPT: a) amylase b) lipase c) pepsin d) trypsin

Pepsin

Where does the most nutrient absorption occur? a) esophagus & stomach b) stomach & duodenum c) jejunum & ileum d) duodenum & jejunum

Duodenum & jejunum