Electrolyte Imbalances Flashcards
1
Q
Causes of Na+ ¡
A
- ketoacidosis
- diuretic use
- kidney disease
- CHF
- vomiting/diarrhea
2
Q
Sx of Na+ ¡
A
- HA, confusion
- weakness, lethargy
- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
3
Q
Causes of Na+ ^
A
- excess sweating
- hypothalamic
- diabetes
- hyperadrenalism
4
Q
Sx of Na+ ^
A
- ^ thirst, oliguria
- dry, flush skin
- CNS-agitation
- ¡ DTRs & BP
- tachycardia
- weak, thready pulse
5
Q
Causes of K+ ¡
A
- vomiting, diarrhea
- diuretic use
- corticosteroid use
6
Q
Sx of K+ ¡
A
- muscle cramps, weakness
- arrhythmia
- vomiting
- SoB
- ^ thirst, polyuria
7
Q
Causes of K+ ^
A
- diabetes
- adrenal insufficiency
- urinary obstruction
8
Q
Sx of K+ ^
A
- muscle cramps, weakness
- nausea, diarrhea, GI distress
- ECG changes
9
Q
Causes of Ca++ ¡
A
- Vit D deficiency
- kidney disease
- hypoparathyroidism
10
Q
Sx of Ca++ ¡
A
- paresthesia
- muscle cramps
- ^ DTRs (deep tenon reflex)
- slow mental processing
- (+) Chvostek test
- (+) Trousseau test
11
Q
Causes of Ca++ ^
A
- hyperparathyroidism
- metastatic CA
- multiple myeloma
12
Q
Sx of Ca++ ^
A
- muscle weakness, ataxia
- deep bone pain
- HTN (hypertension)
- renal dysfunction
- AV block on ECG
- nausea, vomiting, constipation
13
Q
Sx of Ca++ ^
A
- muscle weakness, ataxia
- deep bone pain
- HTN (hypertension)
- renal dysfunction
- AV block on ECG
- nausea, vomiting, constipation
14
Q
Causes of P !
A
- hyperparathyroidism
* dietary
15
Q
Sx of P ¡
A
- intention tremor, ataxia
- paresthesia
- ¡ DTRs
- muscle weakness
- joint stiffness
- bleeding disorders
