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Physiology and Pharmacology > Nervous System And Nerve Cells > Flashcards

Nervous System And Nerve Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the NS?

A

Interact with the world around us and respond to changes in the internal environment

Detects changes and receives info from our sense organs

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2
Q

What is the nervous system divided into?

A

Central NS and Peripheral NS

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3
Q

What is the central NS divided into?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What is the function of the CNS?

A

Receive info from the body and process it, sending out instructions

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5
Q

What is the function of the Peripheral NS?

A

Detects changes in the external/internal environment and sends info to CNS

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6
Q

What is the function of the neurones?

A

Carry messages as electrical or chemical impulses, allowing rapid communication

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7
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

Specialised to receive chemical signals from axon terminals of other neurones and conduct it toward the cell body

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8
Q

What is the function of the cell body (soma)?

A

The cell body containing a nucleus, cytoplasm and other organelles

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9
Q

What is the function of axons?

A

Long processes specialised for the conduction of action potentials away from neuronal cell body

Forms fine branches- ‘axon terminals’ at distal end

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10
Q

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

A

Fatty layer covering over the axon

Protects and insulates the axon

Speeds up transmission of impulses

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11
Q

What is the function of the nodes of ranvier?

A

Gaps formed between myelin sheath along the axons

Allow ‘skipping’ of impulse facilitating faster transmission

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12
Q

What is a sensory neurone?

A

Carries nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS

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13
Q

What is a motor neurone?

A

Carries nerve impulses away from CNS to muscles/glands

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14
Q

What is an interneurone?

A

Connects sensory and motor neurones to form a reflex arc

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15
Q

What are nerves?

A

Collections of nerve cell axon

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16
Q

What do Schwann cells form?

A

Form specialised myelin sheath of axons in the PNS

17
Q

What do Oligodendrocytes form?

A

Form myelin sheath of axons in the CNS

18
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

Protective mechanism

Quick and simple

Impulses do not need to travel to the brain to be processed to generate a response m

Connection made between sensory neurone and motor neurone in the spinal cord- via interneurone

19
Q

What is an action potential?

A

Electrical impulse travelling down the axon body

20
Q

When does an action potential occur?

A

Movement of charged particles across cell membrane

Sodium ions move into the nerve fibre and potassium ions move out

21
Q

What is the threshold stimulus?

A

Minimum stimulus needed to achieve an action potential

Physiology and Pharmacology (35 decks)

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