Hydration And Nutrition Flashcards
What are nutrients?
Substances needed for growth, metabolism and other body functions
What are macronutrients?
Nutritional components
Required in relatively large amounts
Provide energy
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Body’s main source of energy
Includes sugars, starches and fibres
Eg potatoes, pasta, biscuits, cakes and fruit/veg
What are the functions of fats?
Provides energy and essential FA
Eg pastry, butter, meat
What are the functions of proteins?
Provides AA necessary for growth, development and repair of the body
Provides energy
Eg meat, fish, nuts, cheese, eggs and milk
What are micronutrients?
Vitamins and minerals
Required by the body in small amounts
Essential as not produced in the body naturally
Vital to disease prevention, development and wellbeing
What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins?
A, D, E and K
What are the 2 water-soluble vitamins?
B-complex group and C
What is the function of E?
Antioxidant
Protects cell membranes
Helps maintain healthy skin, eyes, and strengthens immune system
What is the function of vitamin A?
Embryonic development
Organ formation during fetal development
Normal immune function
Eye development/vision
What is the function of vitamin D?
Essential for absorption of calcium and healthy bones
What is the function of vitamin K?
Required for synthesis of blood clotting proteins
What is the function of vitamin C?
Cofactors in many enzyme controlled reaction
Collagen synthesis
Healthy connective tissue
Helps wound healing
What are the functions of vitamin B?
Cell metabolism and energy production from carbohydrates, fat and proteins
Cell growth/division
RBC production
Function of NS
What minerals are required?
Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus
What trace elements are required in the diet?
Zinc, manganese, selenium, copper, iron, iodine, chromium and fluoride
What causes dehydration?
Results from reduced fluid intake/excessive fluid loss
Contributes to variety of clinical problems eg cardiac/renal dysfunction and electrolyte imbalance
What is the physiological explanation for fall in BP?
Low blood volume
Lack of water- reduce blood volume leading to reduction in cardiac output and BP
What is the physiological explanation of fall in capillary refill time?
Less fluid in the blood cells
cRT increases to more than 2 secs
What is capillary refill time?
Time takes for normal colour to return to pad of middle finger following release of pressure
What does fall in capillary refill time mean?
Rate at which blood refills empty capillaries is slower than normal
What is the physiological explanation of reduction in skin turgor?
Lack of water in the dermis so fold is skin takes longer to fall back to normal position when released
Late sign of dehydration
