Hydration And Nutrition

Question 1

What are nutrients?

Answer 1

Substances needed for growth, metabolism and other body functions

Question 2

What are macronutrients?

Answer 2

Nutritional components

Required in relatively large amounts

Provide energy

Question 3

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Body’s main source of energy

Includes sugars, starches and fibres

Eg potatoes, pasta, biscuits, cakes and fruit/veg

Question 4

What are the functions of fats?

Answer 4

Provides energy and essential FA

Eg pastry, butter, meat

Question 5

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 5

Provides AA necessary for growth, development and repair of the body

Provides energy

Eg meat, fish, nuts, cheese, eggs and milk

Question 6

What are micronutrients?

Answer 6

Vitamins and minerals

Required by the body in small amounts

Essential as not produced in the body naturally

Vital to disease prevention, development and wellbeing

Question 7

What are the 4 fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 7

A, D, E and K

Question 8

What are the 2 water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 8

B-complex group and C

Question 9

What is the function of E?

Answer 9

Antioxidant

Protects cell membranes

Helps maintain healthy skin, eyes, and strengthens immune system

Question 10

What is the function of vitamin A?

Answer 10

Embryonic development

Organ formation during fetal development

Normal immune function

Eye development/vision

Question 11

What is the function of vitamin D?

Answer 11

Essential for absorption of calcium and healthy bones

Question 12

What is the function of vitamin K?

Answer 12

Required for synthesis of blood clotting proteins

Question 13

What is the function of vitamin C?

Answer 13

Cofactors in many enzyme controlled reaction

Collagen synthesis

Healthy connective tissue

Helps wound healing

Question 14

What are the functions of vitamin B?

Answer 14

Cell metabolism and energy production from carbohydrates, fat and proteins

Cell growth/division

RBC production

Function of NS

Question 15

What minerals are required?

Answer 15

Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus

Question 16

What trace elements are required in the diet?

Answer 16

Zinc, manganese, selenium, copper, iron, iodine, chromium and fluoride

Question 17

What causes dehydration?

Answer 17

Results from reduced fluid intake/excessive fluid loss

Contributes to variety of clinical problems eg cardiac/renal dysfunction and electrolyte imbalance

Question 18

What is the physiological explanation for fall in BP?

Answer 18

Low blood volume

Lack of water- reduce blood volume leading to reduction in cardiac output and BP

Question 19

What is the physiological explanation of fall in capillary refill time?

Answer 19

Less fluid in the blood cells

cRT increases to more than 2 secs

Question 20

What is capillary refill time?

Answer 20

Time takes for normal colour to return to pad of middle finger following release of pressure

Question 21

What does fall in capillary refill time mean?

Answer 21

Rate at which blood refills empty capillaries is slower than normal

Question 22

What is the physiological explanation of reduction in skin turgor?

Answer 22

Lack of water in the dermis so fold is skin takes longer to fall back to normal position when released

Late sign of dehydration