Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what kinds of messages does the nervous system send?

A

electrical messages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

list the 5 functions of the nervous system

A
  1. maintain homeostasis
  2. receive sensory input
  3. integrating information
  4. controlling muscles and glands
  5. establishing and maintaining mental activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

list and describe the functions of the 2 cell types of the nervous system

A
  1. neuron: transmit signals

2. provide support for neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe the general neuron structure

A

cell body and processes coming off the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the cell body of a neuron contain?

A

the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe the function of dendrites in a neuron

A

processes that conduct impulses toward the cell body, receive signals from another cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the function of Axons in a neuron

A

processes that conduct impulses Away from cell body to the next cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe the myelin sheath of a neuron

A

a lipid substance which covers most axons and serves as an electrical insulator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe the Nodes of Ranvier in a neuron

A

spaces between myelin, electrical signal jumps from node to node so it moves quicker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are axons sometimes also called?

A

neuron fibers or nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the central nervous system contain?

A

the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the peripheral nervous system contain?

A

components outside of the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is referred to as a nucleus in the central nervous system?

A

a group of neuron cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is referred to as a tract in the central nervous system?

A

a bundle of axons or neuron fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is referred to as a ganglion in the peripheral nervous system?

A

a group of neuron cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is referred to as a nerve in the peripheral nervous system?

A

a bundle of axons or neuron fibers

17
Q

what do synapses do in the nervous system?

A

provide continuity from one neuron to the next

18
Q

what is the relation between axons and dendrites during signalling?

A

the axon of a neuron meets the dendrite of the next but they do not touch!

19
Q

since the axon of one neuron does not touch the dendrite of the next during signalling, what is the space between them called?

A

synaptic space

20
Q

what do axons release into the synaptic space during signalling?

A

neurotransmitters

21
Q

what do neurotransmitters do?

A

bind to receptors on the dendrite during signalling

22
Q

how does the signal always travel during signalling?

A

from axon to dendrite

23
Q

how many more neuroglia are there than neurons?

A

neuroglia outnumber neurons 10 to 1

24
Q

list the 4 types of neuroglial cells

A
  1. olidodendrocytes (CNS)/Schwann cells (PNS)
  2. astrocytes
  3. ependymal cells
  4. microglia
25
describe the location and function of oligodendrocytes/Schwann cells
found around axons, produce the myelin sheath
26
describe the location and function of astrocytes
positioned between blood vessels and neurons, allow for formation of blood-brain barrier
27
describe the location and function of ependymal cells
line parts of the nervous system, produce cerebrospinal fluid
28
describe the cell type, location, and function of microglia
phagocytic cells found throughout the nervous system that protect the nervous system from foreign particles and remove damaged cells
29
list and describe the 2 types of nerves found in the peripheral nervous system
1. cranial nerves: face and neck | 2. spinal nerves: rest of body; movement, senses
30
what is the function of the autonomic nervous system?
regulates organs
31
list and describe the 3 parts of the autonomic nervous system
1. sympathetic: responds to stresses 2. parasympathetic: responds to nonstresses 3. enteric: controls digestive tract, sympathetic and parasympathetic parts