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Anatomy and Physiology > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

list the five functions of epithelial tissue

A
  1. protection of underlying tissue
  2. absorption
  3. secretion
  4. excretion
  5. sensation
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2
Q

what are the five characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A
  1. distinct cell surfaces
  2. mostly comprised of cells
  3. covers body surfaces, lines openings, lines inside of body, inside of heart, lungs, and cavities
  4. nonvascular
  5. capable of regeneration
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3
Q

what are the three types of distinct epithelial cell surfaces?

A
  1. apical (free) surfaces
  2. lateral surfaces
  3. surfaces attached to basement membranes
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4
Q

what are apical or free surfaces?

A

not attached to any other cells

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5
Q

what are lateral surfaces?

A

attached to other epithelial cells

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6
Q

what is the basement membrane?

A

attaches epithelial cells to underlying tissue, produced by epithelium and underlying tissue (usually connective)

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7
Q

are there a lot of extracellular components in epithelial tissue?

A

not really, it is mostly tightly packed cells

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8
Q

what are the two ways of classifying epithelial tissue?

A
  1. by arrangement of layers

2. by cell shape

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9
Q

list and describe the three categories of epithelial classification based on arrangement of layers?

A
  1. simple: just one layer of cells, nuclei line up
  2. pseudostratified: one layer of cells but LOOKS like more than one layer, all cells attached to basement membrane, different heights, always columnar
  3. stratified: 2 or more cell layers, nuclei stack up
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10
Q

list and describe the three categories of epithelial tissue based on cell shape

A
  1. squamous: very thin and plate-like
  2. cuboidal: square-like, all sides fairly even
  3. columnar: longer than they are wide
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11
Q

describe simple squamous epithelial tissue

A

thin layer, not adapted to withstand wear and tear

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12
Q

where is simple squamous epithelial tissue found?

A

lining blood vessels, the heart, parietal and visceral pleura and peritoneum, the alveoli of the lungs

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13
Q

where is simple cuboidal epithelial tissue found?

A

in renal tubules, thyroid gland, and ovary surfaces

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14
Q

describe the shape and list the two types of simple columnar epithelial tissue

A

taller than it is wide, ciliated and non ciliated

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15
Q

state and describe the specialized cells that are found in simple columnar epithelial tissue

A

goblet cells: secretes mucus for lubrication/moisture/ maintenance/protective function

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16
Q

what are cilia?

A

hair-like extensions of the apical surface, move particles along in a unidirectional manner in the oviduct and respiratory tract

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17
Q

where is simple columnar epithelial tissue found?

A

in the uterus, oviduct, lining stomach, small and large intestines, and gallbladder

18
Q

where is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue found?

A

nasal cavity, pahrynx, trachea, and bronchi

19
Q

where is nonciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue found?

A

parathryoid

20
Q

is stratified squamous epithelial tissue thick or thin?

A

it is typically the thickest epithelial layer

21
Q

where is stratified squamous epi tissue found?

A

lining places open to the outside: epidermis (outer layer) of skin, mouth, esophagus, vagina, anus

22
Q

what is stratified cuboidal and stratified columnar epi associated with?

A

glands

23
Q

where is stratified cuboidal epi tissue found?

A

esophageal glands, sweat glands, salivary glands

24
Q

where is stratified columnar epi tissue found?

A

lining mammary glands, lining glands of pharynx and larynx

25
Q

what is transitional epi tissue?

A

stratified and highly specialized for stretching and expansion

26
Q

where is transitional epithelium found?

A

in urinary tract, lining bladder and ureters

27
Q

what two things is glandular epi specialized for?

A

secretion and excretion

28
Q

define excretion

A

expulsion of waste products

29
Q

define secretion, give two examples

A

release of a substance from a cell that has been synthesized by that cell, and the substance typically affects other cells in the body (hormones, mucus)

30
Q

what are the two classifications of glandular epithelium?

A

endocrine and exocrine

31
Q

define endocrine glandular epi

A

gland secretes its products into bloodstream for travel around the body

32
Q

define exocrine glandular epi

A

empty their products onto an epithelial surface (not the bloodstream) via a duct

33
Q

how do goblet cells relate to exocrine glandular epi?

A

they are unicellular glandular epi, that don’t use a duct

34
Q

how do endocrine and exocrine glandular epi develop

A

the same until the end stages of development

35
Q

how does endocrine glandular epi develop at the end stages?

A

connection to epithelial surface disappears, must secrete into bloodstream

36
Q

how does exocrine glandular epi develop at the end stages?

A

connection to epithelial surface remains, forms ducts

37
Q

list the 3 types of exocrine glands as defined by how the products leaves the cell

A

merocrine, apocrine, holocrine

38
Q

describe merocrine cells, give examples

A

none of the cell is damaged or lost when the product is secreted or excreted, the most common (salivary glands, pancreas in exocrine fashion)

39
Q

describe apocrine cells, give example

A

products are released as fragments of gland cells, product accumulates at free end of cell, then pinched off, and any organelles in free end are released, regeneration required (mammary glands)

40
Q

describe holocrine glands, give example

A

entire cell is lost with product, least common, needs regeneration (sebacious glands of skin and eyes)

Anatomy and Physiology (18 decks)

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