Joints

Question 1

how are joints classified?

Answer 1

based on structure and uniting material

Question 2

what are the 3 classifications of joints?

Answer 2

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Question 3

list the 3 types of fibrous joints

Answer 3

1. suture joints
2. syndesmosis joints
3. gomphosis joints

Question 4

describe suture joints

Answer 4

uniting material is dense regular connective tissue, connects bones of skull, ossify by maturity

Question 5

describe syndesmosis joints

Answer 5

between bones that are farther apart than suture joints, also dense regular connective tissue, but more of it than suture joints

Question 6

name the two locations of syndesmosis joints

Answer 6

1. between tibia and fibula

2. between metacarpal and metatarsal bones of horses

Question 7

describe and give the location of gomphosis joints

Answer 7

also dense regular connective tissue, found only between the teeth and the skull (specialized)

Question 8

name the 2 types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 8

1. synchondrosis joints

2. symphysis joints

Question 9

what kind of cartilage makes up synchondrosis joints? what is the implication?

Answer 9

hyaline cartilage, lots of collagen fibers=won’t move much

Question 10

give the two locations of synchondrosis joints

Answer 10

1. joining ribs to sternum

2. at epiphyseal plate until completely closing at end of growth

Question 11

what kind of cartilage makes of symphysis joints and what does that mean for movement?

Answer 11

fibrocartilage gives slightly more movement

Question 12

give the 2 locations of symphysis joints

Answer 12

1. pubic symphysis, opens slightly during parturition

2. intervertebral discs between vertebral bodies

Question 13

name the 3 structures that all synovial joints have

Answer 13

1. articular cartilage
2. synovial cavity
3. articular capsule

Question 14

give the cartilage type, location, and function of articular cartilage

Answer 14

hyaline cartilage, covers articular surfaces of bone, prevents shearing

Question 15

what does the synovial cavity enclose?

Answer 15

the articular surfaces of bone

Question 16

what is the synovial cavity filled with and what is the function of that?

Answer 16

synovial fluid, lubricates joints, provides nutrients for articular cartilage

Question 17

where is the articular capsule located?

Answer 17

surrounding the synovial cavity

Question 18

name the 2 layers of the articular capsule

Answer 18

1. fibrous membrane (outer layer)

2. synovial membrane (inner layer)

Question 19

what is the fibrous membrane made of and where does it run?

Answer 19

dense IRregular connective tissue, continuous with periosteum of bones

Question 20

what is the synovial membrane made of?

Answer 20

composed of cells called synoviocytes, which produce synovial fluid

Question 21

list 3 more structures that are found in some, but not all synovial joints

Answer 21

1. bursa
2. meniscus
3. accessory ligaments

Question 22

describe bursa

Answer 22

pocket or sac that sits away from rest of joint cavity, contains synovial fluid

Question 23

if the bursa is a pocket where will it be located?

Answer 23

it will be an extension of the synovial cavity

Question 24

if the bursa is a sac where will it be located?

Answer 24

it will sit outside the cavity itself

Question 25

describe the meniscus

Answer 25

a fibrocartilage pad found in the synovial cavity

Question 26

where does the mensicus sit?

Answer 26

between articular cartilages to provide cushioning

Question 27

what are accessory ligaments made of?

Answer 27

dense regular connective tissue

Question 28

describe the 2 types of accessory ligaments based on location

Answer 28

1. intracapsular: within synovial cavity | 2. extracapsular: outside synovial cavity

Question 29

what are synovial joints associated with?

Answer 29

limbs and movement

Question 30

list the 6 types of synovial joints

Answer 30

1. plane joints 2. hinge joints 3. ball and socket joints 4. saddle joints 5. pivot joints 6. ellipsoid joints

Question 31

what type of movement do plane joints allow and what do they consist of?

Answer 31

gliding movement, consist of 2 flat, bone surfaces

Question 32

give 2 locations of plane joints

Answer 32

1. between carpal and tarsal bones | 2. between articular surfaces of vertebrae

Question 33

what type of movement do hinge joints allow and how do they fit together?

Answer 33

being movement, convect surface fits into concave surface

Question 34

give 2 locations of hinge joints

Answer 34

1. between humerus and and radius & ulna

Question 35

which type of joint allows for the most movement?

Answer 35

ball and socket joints

Question 36

how do ball and socket joints fit together?

Answer 36

round ball structure fits into concave socket

Question 37

give 2 locations of ball and socket joints

Answer 37

1. between scapula and humerus | 2. between ilium of pelvis and femur

Question 38

how do saddle joints fit together?

Answer 38

saddle-shaped surfaces of bone sit within each other

Question 39

where are saddle joints found?

Answer 39

between metacarpal bone of thumb and carpal bone of humans and primates

Question 40

why are saddle joints not found in many domestic animals?

Answer 40

no opposable thumbs

Question 41

how do pivot joints fit together?

Answer 41

one bone process sits within smooth face of another

Question 42

where are pivot joints located?

Answer 42

between atlas (C1) and axis (C2)

Question 43

how do ellipsoid joints fit together?

Answer 43

modified ball and socket where articular surfaces are ellipsoid (oval-like)

Question 44

give 2 locations of ellipsoid joints

Answer 44

1. between atlas and occipital bone | 2. between temporal bone and mandible