Joints Flashcards
how are joints classified?
based on structure and uniting material
what are the 3 classifications of joints?
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
list the 3 types of fibrous joints
- suture joints
- syndesmosis joints
- gomphosis joints
describe suture joints
uniting material is dense regular connective tissue, connects bones of skull, ossify by maturity
describe syndesmosis joints
between bones that are farther apart than suture joints, also dense regular connective tissue, but more of it than suture joints
name the two locations of syndesmosis joints
- between tibia and fibula
2. between metacarpal and metatarsal bones of horses
describe and give the location of gomphosis joints
also dense regular connective tissue, found only between the teeth and the skull (specialized)
name the 2 types of cartilaginous joints
- synchondrosis joints
2. symphysis joints
what kind of cartilage makes up synchondrosis joints? what is the implication?
hyaline cartilage, lots of collagen fibers=won’t move much
give the two locations of synchondrosis joints
- joining ribs to sternum
2. at epiphyseal plate until completely closing at end of growth
what kind of cartilage makes of symphysis joints and what does that mean for movement?
fibrocartilage gives slightly more movement
give the 2 locations of symphysis joints
- pubic symphysis, opens slightly during parturition
2. intervertebral discs between vertebral bodies
name the 3 structures that all synovial joints have
- articular cartilage
- synovial cavity
- articular capsule
give the cartilage type, location, and function of articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage, covers articular surfaces of bone, prevents shearing
what does the synovial cavity enclose?
the articular surfaces of bone
what is the synovial cavity filled with and what is the function of that?
synovial fluid, lubricates joints, provides nutrients for articular cartilage
where is the articular capsule located?
surrounding the synovial cavity
name the 2 layers of the articular capsule
- fibrous membrane (outer layer)
2. synovial membrane (inner layer)
what is the fibrous membrane made of and where does it run?
dense IRregular connective tissue, continuous with periosteum of bones
what is the synovial membrane made of?
composed of cells called synoviocytes, which produce synovial fluid
list 3 more structures that are found in some, but not all synovial joints
- bursa
- meniscus
- accessory ligaments
describe bursa
pocket or sac that sits away from rest of joint cavity, contains synovial fluid
if the bursa is a pocket where will it be located?
it will be an extension of the synovial cavity
if the bursa is a sac where will it be located?
it will sit outside the cavity itself
describe the meniscus
a fibrocartilage pad found in the synovial cavity
where does the mensicus sit?
between articular cartilages to provide cushioning
what are accessory ligaments made of?
dense regular connective tissue
describe the 2 types of accessory ligaments based on location
- intracapsular: within synovial cavity
2. extracapsular: outside synovial cavity
what are synovial joints associated with?
limbs and movement
list the 6 types of synovial joints
- plane joints
- hinge joints
- ball and socket joints
- saddle joints
- pivot joints
- ellipsoid joints
what type of movement do plane joints allow and what do they consist of?
gliding movement, consist of 2 flat, bone surfaces
give 2 locations of plane joints
- between carpal and tarsal bones
2. between articular surfaces of vertebrae
what type of movement do hinge joints allow and how do they fit together?
being movement, convect surface fits into concave surface
give 2 locations of hinge joints
- between humerus and and radius & ulna
which type of joint allows for the most movement?
ball and socket joints
how do ball and socket joints fit together?
round ball structure fits into concave socket
give 2 locations of ball and socket joints
- between scapula and humerus
2. between ilium of pelvis and femur
how do saddle joints fit together?
saddle-shaped surfaces of bone sit within each other
where are saddle joints found?
between metacarpal bone of thumb and carpal bone of humans and primates
why are saddle joints not found in many domestic animals?
no opposable thumbs
how do pivot joints fit together?
one bone process sits within smooth face of another
where are pivot joints located?
between atlas (C1) and axis (C2)
how do ellipsoid joints fit together?
modified ball and socket where articular surfaces are ellipsoid (oval-like)
give 2 locations of ellipsoid joints
- between atlas and occipital bone
2. between temporal bone and mandible
