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Anatomy and Physiology > Intro Terminology > Flashcards

Intro Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

what is anatomy?

A

the structure of the body

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2
Q

what is gross anatomy?

A

larger structures that can be seen without a microscope

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3
Q

what is microscopic anatomy?

A

on the cellular level, need microscope to see these structures

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4
Q

what is physiology?

A

the function of the body

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5
Q

what is cell physiology?

A

how cells function

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6
Q

what is systemic physiology?

A

how body systems function, cell teamwork!

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7
Q

what is directional terminology?

A

terms of direction that are all relative to each other

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8
Q

what does ventral refer to?

A

the under surface of the body

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9
Q

what does dorsal refer to (as the opposite of ventral)?

A

the back/upper surface of the body

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10
Q

what does cranial refer to?

A

towards the front of the head

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11
Q

what does caudal refer to (as the opposite of cranial)?

A

towards the tail or back of the body

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12
Q

what does proximal refer to?

A

nearest the center of the body or point of origin

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13
Q

what does distal refer to?

A

farther from the center of body or point of origin

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14
Q

what are the directional terms proximal and distal used to describe?

A

limbs, arteries, and nerves

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15
Q

what does superficial refer to?

A

pertains to surface

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16
Q

what does deep mean?

A

further inside the body, pertains to structures

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17
Q

what does medial mean?

A

towards the middle/ near median plane

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18
Q

what does lateral mean?

A

away from the middle

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19
Q

what is the transverse plane?

A

divides the body into cranial and caudal parts

20
Q

what is the horizontal/frontal plane?

A

dorsal and ventral body divisions

21
Q

what is the median plane?

A

divides the body into equal left and right parts

22
Q

when referring to the front limb, what does palmar mean?

A

caudal surface of front limb, distal to carpus

23
Q

when referring to the front limb, what does dorsal mean?

A

cranial surface of front limb, distal to carpus

24
Q

when referring to the hind limb, what does plantar mean?

A

caudal surface of hind limb, distal to tarsus

25
Q

when referring to the hind limb, what does dorsal mean?

A

cranial surface of hind limb, distal to tarsus

26
Q

what are thee 2 main body cavities?

A

thoracic and abdominal

27
Q

where is the thoracic cavity located?

A

more cranial than abdominal cavity

28
Q

what does the thoracic cavity contain?

A

the heart and lungs

29
Q

what is the membrane that lines the thoracic cavity called?

A

pleura

30
Q

what does the visceral pleura line?

A

the organs of the thoracic cavity

31
Q

what does the parietal pleura line?

A

the thoracic cavity itself

32
Q

where is the abdominal cavity located?

A

caudal to the thoracic cavity

33
Q

what does the abdominal cavity contain?

A

the digestive and reproductive organs

34
Q

what is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity called?

A

peritoneum

35
Q

what does visceral peritoneum line?

A

the organs of the abdominal cavity

36
Q

what does parietal peritoneum line?

A

the abdominal cavity itself

37
Q

what separates the two body cavities?

A

the diaphragm

38
Q

list the 6 levels of body organization from smallest to largest

A
  1. chemical
  2. cellular
  3. tissue
  4. organ
  5. organ system
  6. organism
39
Q

describe the chemical level of organization

A

atoms form molecules which form organelles in a cell

40
Q

list and describe the 3 main components of the cellular level of organization

A
  1. cytoplasm: contains all organelles except nucleus
  2. nucleus: controls cell, contains genetic info to produce things
  3. cell membrane: gives cell limits
41
Q

describe the tissue level of organization and list all 4 types

A

groups of similar cells and surrounding material with the same function
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue

42
Q

describe the organ level of organization

A

2 or more tissue types combined to perform common functions, usually all 4 tissue types

43
Q

describe the system level of organization

A

groups of organs working together to perform similar functions

44
Q

describe the organism level of organization

A

any living things as a whole

45
Q

do organisms have to be multicellular? why or why not?

A

no, unicellular organisms are a thing

Anatomy and Physiology (18 decks)

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