Intro Terminology Flashcards
what is anatomy?
the structure of the body
what is gross anatomy?
larger structures that can be seen without a microscope
what is microscopic anatomy?
on the cellular level, need microscope to see these structures
what is physiology?
the function of the body
what is cell physiology?
how cells function
what is systemic physiology?
how body systems function, cell teamwork!
what is directional terminology?
terms of direction that are all relative to each other
what does ventral refer to?
the under surface of the body
what does dorsal refer to (as the opposite of ventral)?
the back/upper surface of the body
what does cranial refer to?
towards the front of the head
what does caudal refer to (as the opposite of cranial)?
towards the tail or back of the body
what does proximal refer to?
nearest the center of the body or point of origin
what does distal refer to?
farther from the center of body or point of origin
what are the directional terms proximal and distal used to describe?
limbs, arteries, and nerves
what does superficial refer to?
pertains to surface
what does deep mean?
further inside the body, pertains to structures
what does medial mean?
towards the middle/ near median plane
what does lateral mean?
away from the middle
what is the transverse plane?
divides the body into cranial and caudal parts
what is the horizontal/frontal plane?
dorsal and ventral body divisions
what is the median plane?
divides the body into equal left and right parts
when referring to the front limb, what does palmar mean?
caudal surface of front limb, distal to carpus
when referring to the front limb, what does dorsal mean?
cranial surface of front limb, distal to carpus
when referring to the hind limb, what does plantar mean?
caudal surface of hind limb, distal to tarsus
when referring to the hind limb, what does dorsal mean?
cranial surface of hind limb, distal to tarsus
what are thee 2 main body cavities?
thoracic and abdominal
where is the thoracic cavity located?
more cranial than abdominal cavity
what does the thoracic cavity contain?
the heart and lungs
what is the membrane that lines the thoracic cavity called?
pleura
what does the visceral pleura line?
the organs of the thoracic cavity
what does the parietal pleura line?
the thoracic cavity itself
where is the abdominal cavity located?
caudal to the thoracic cavity
what does the abdominal cavity contain?
the digestive and reproductive organs
what is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity called?
peritoneum
what does visceral peritoneum line?
the organs of the abdominal cavity
what does parietal peritoneum line?
the abdominal cavity itself
what separates the two body cavities?
the diaphragm
list the 6 levels of body organization from smallest to largest
- chemical
- cellular
- tissue
- organ
- organ system
- organism
describe the chemical level of organization
atoms form molecules which form organelles in a cell
list and describe the 3 main components of the cellular level of organization
- cytoplasm: contains all organelles except nucleus
- nucleus: controls cell, contains genetic info to produce things
- cell membrane: gives cell limits
describe the tissue level of organization and list all 4 types
groups of similar cells and surrounding material with the same function
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue
describe the organ level of organization
2 or more tissue types combined to perform common functions, usually all 4 tissue types
describe the system level of organization
groups of organs working together to perform similar functions
describe the organism level of organization
any living things as a whole
do organisms have to be multicellular? why or why not?
no, unicellular organisms are a thing
