Nervous System Flashcards
Functions of the Nervous System?
- Coordination and Control
- Detects Stimuli
- Responds to Stimuli
- Integrates executive functions(reasoning, decsion making skills
Central Nervous System includes:
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System includes:
- Cranial Nerves: connect with the brain
- Spinal Nerves: connect with the spinal cord
Somatic Nervous System
- sensory receptors and nerves are concerned with changes in the external environment
- under voluntary control
- effectors are skeletal muscles
What is an Effector?
tissue or organ that responds to a nervous system command
Autonomic Nervous system
- sensory receptors amd nerves(sensory and motor) concerned with changes in the internal environment
- effectors of the autonomic nervous system are innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers
- under involuntary control
- effectors are cardiac muscle, visceral muscle and glands
- divided into: -sympathetic nervous system
- parasympathetic nervous system
Autonomic Nervous system: SYMPATHETIC
-FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE
Autonomic Nervous system: PARASYMPATHETIC
-REST AND DIGEST RESPONSE(FEED AND BREED)
Structural Cells(Neuroglia)
- cells of the nervous system
- support and protect
- no electrical
ex:Astrocytes,Microglia,Oliodendroglia/Schwann Cells,Ependymal Cells
Astrocytes(Structural Cells/Neuroglia)
- star shaped cells
- help to form the blood brain barrier
- act as phagocyte
Microglia(Structural Cells/Neuroglia)
-phagocytosis of pathogens and tissue debris
Oligodendroglia/Schwann Cells(Structural Cells/Neuroglia)
- produce myelin sheath which covers the axons of neuron
- in PNS Schwann cells cytoplasm and nucleus surround the myelin sheath and are called the neurilemma
Ependymal Cells(Structural Cells/Neuroglia)
- Line the ventricles of the brain and make CSF
- CSF flows in and around the brain
Functional Cells(Neurons)
-parts of neuron include: Cell body, Dendrites,Axon
Cell bod(Neuron)
-contains nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles
Dendrites(Neuron)
- short highly branched extentions of the cell body
- bring information into the cell body
Axon(Neuron)
- thin long projections of the cell body
- taked information away from the cell body
Parts of the Axon:
- Myelin Sheath:white fatty material insulates the axon
- schwann cells
- neurolemma(schwann cells): cytoplasm and nucleus of the schwann cells
- Nodes of Ranvier-spaces on the axon between the schwann cells
White Matter
-areas of the myelinated axons forms many neurons
Gray Matter
- cell bodies of neuron
- dendrites
- unmyelinated axons
- neuroglia
Characteristics of Neurons?
- Irritability: abillity of a neuron to respond to a stimulus by producing and electrical signal
- conductivity: ability to conduct an electical signal
Classification of Neurons?
- Sensory(Afferent)-brings info to CNS
- Motor(Efferent)- takes info away from CNS
- Interneurons- relay info with in the CNS
Nerves?
-Neuron fibers(axon and dendrites) grouped together into bundles
-in the PNS the bundle is a nerve
nerves can be sensory(afferent),motor(efferent), or mixed
Tracts?
- Neuron fibers(axon and dendrites) grouped together into bundles
- in the CNS the bundle is a tract