Nervous System

Question 1

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 1

Carries messages to and from the central nervous system

Question 2

Sensory division of PNS

Answer 2

Receptors to stimuli; sensory neurons send signals to CNS

Question 3

Motor division

Answer 3

Contains motor neurons which carry signals from CNS to effectors

Question 4

Somatic nervous system

Answer 4

Allows voluntary movement

Question 5

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

Regulates involuntary, subconscious activities

Question 6

Cerebrum

Answer 6

Complex portion of brain consisting of two hemispheres

Question 7

Cerebral cortex

Answer 7

Thin outer layer (gray matter); billions of unmyelinated nerve cells and neuroglial cells

Question 8

Cerebral white matter

Answer 8

Nerve cells with myelinated axons; communicates between neurons in the brain and between the brain and the rest of the body

Question 9

Areas of cerebrum

Answer 9

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe

Question 10

Frontal lobe

Answer 10

Motor function, personality, speech

Question 11

Parietal lobe

Answer 11

Sensory functions (e.g. Taste)

Question 12

Temporal lobe

Answer 12

Auditory and olfaction (smell)

Question 13

Occipital lobe

Answer 13

Visual cortex

Question 14

Cerebrum functions

Answer 14

• voluntary movement
• interpreting sensations
• language
• decision making
• self-awareness
• creativity
• memories

Question 15

Midbrain

Answer 15

Relays and integrates signals

Question 16

Pons

Answer 16

Bridge between higher and lower brains

Question 17

Medulla oblongata

Answer 17

Autonomic centers for respiration, heart rate, and digestion

Question 18

Cerebellum

Answer 18

• Coordinates voluntary, sensory-motor movements

- stores memory of “learned motor patterns”

Question 19

Thalamus

Answer 19

Processes sensory signals and relays information to appropriate centers

Question 20

Hypothalamus

Answer 20

Responsible for homeostasis; controls heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, body temperature, and hunger

Question 21

Limbic system

Answer 21

Complex set of structures responsible for emotions and formation of memories

Question 22

Acquired brain injury

Answer 22

Cerebrovascular accident; death of neurons from interruption of blood flow to a region of the brain

Question 23

Causes of cerebrovascular accidents

Answer 23

Stroke, aneurysm, heart attack, meningitis, substance abuse

Question 24

Meningitis

Answer 24

Infections of meninges (membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord)

Question 25

Traumatic brain injury

Answer 25

Damage to neurons or nerve connections from force (trauma)

Question 26

Causes of traumatic brain injury

Answer 26

Automobile accident, slip and fall, sports injury, gun shot, explosion (war)

Question 27

Spinal cord functions

Answer 27

Transmits signals to/from brain

Reflex center

Question 28

Reflex arc

Answer 28

Circuit or neurons in spinal cord prewired to respond to stimuli

Question 29

Reflex arc components

Answer 29

• receptor
• sensory neuron
• interneuron
• motor neuron
• effector

Question 30

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 30

Adjusts bodily function so that energy is conserved during non-stressful times; “resting and digesting”

Question 31

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 31

In charge during stressful or emergency conditions; “fight or flight”

Question 32

Effects of sympathetic nervous system

Answer 32

• pupils dilate
• decreased salivation
• increased breathing rate
• narrowed blood vessels
• slowed digestion
• epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulated
• salt and water retained
• bladder relaxed
• defecation inhibits

Question 33

Spinal cord injury

Answer 33

Damage to neurons or nerve connections from force (trauma); causes loss or impaired sensation or motor control and permanent or intermittent pain.

Question 34

Central nervous system

Answer 34

Brain and spinal cord; integrates and coordinates all nervous functions