Circulatory and Cardiovascular Systems

Question 1

Function of blood

Answer 1

-transports nutrients and waste; regulates body temperature and pH; protects body from pathogens

Question 2

Regulations of Red Blood Cells

Answer 2

1) Kidney senses O2 levels in blood
2) If low, releases erythropoietin (EPO)
3) EPO acts on red bone marrow to increase RBC production
4) Mature RBCs released
5) Increased blood O2 levels
6) Kidney senses this and stops releasing EPO

Question 3

Red Blood Cells

Answer 3

Erythrocytes; carry oxygen to cells from lungs and carbon dioxide from lungs from cells

Question 4

White blood cells

Answer 4

Leukocytes; remove damaged or abnormal cells and fight against disease

Question 5

Granulocytes

Answer 5

contain granules (sacs filled with cell-destroying chemicals)

Question 6

Three types of Granulocytes

Answer 6

1) neutrophils
2) eosinophils
3) basophils

Question 7

Neutrophils

Answer 7

• most abundant WBC; first to site of infection; engulf microbes (phagocytosis)
• in death, release chemical that attracts more neutrophils

Question 8

Eosinophils

Answer 8

contain toxins against parasitic worms

Question 9

Basophils

Answer 9

releases histamine ( chemicals that attract white blood cells causing inflammation)

Question 10

Two Types of Agranulocytes

Answer 10

1) monocytes

2) lymphocytes

Question 11

Monocytes

Answer 11

• largest WBC
• leave blood stream and become macrophages
• engulf microbes, dead cells, debris

Question 12

Lymphocytes

Answer 12

specific immunity cells

Question 13

B Lymphocytes

Answer 13

produce antibodies

Question 14

Antibodies

Answer 14

proteins that recognize specific molecules (called antigens) on invading cells

Question 15

T Lymphocytes

Answer 15

cellular defense

Question 16

ABO Blood types

Answer 16

based on presence of surface proteins on RBC (antigens)

Question 17

Rh Factor

Answer 17

based on presence/absence of a surface antigen (Rh factor) on RBC

Question 18

Arteries

Answer 18

carry blood away from heart

Question 19

Veins

Answer 19

carry blood towards the heart

Question 20

Capillaries

Answer 20

exchange materials between blood and cells

Question 21

Movement of blood towards the heart is caused by…

Answer 21

• gravity
• pressure of blood pumped from heart associated with a series of back-flow valves
• skeletal muscles contraction

Question 22

Lymphatic System

Answer 22

• returns inter-cellular fluids back to bloodstream
• protects against disease-causing organisms
• transport products of fat digestion from the small intestine to the bloodstream

Question 23

Role of lymph nodes

Answer 23

filter lymph; store lymphocytes and macrophages