DNA

Question 1

Promoter

Answer 1

Sequence of bases that indicates where transcription should start

Question 2

Exons

Answer 2

‘Coding’ segments that provide instructions for proteins

Question 3

Introns

Answer 3

Non-coding segments

Question 4

mRNA Editing

Answer 4

Before leaving the nucleus, specific enzymes modify mRNA by removing introns and splicing together exons

Question 5

Number of human genes

Answer 5

20 to 25,000 genes

Question 6

mRNA

Answer 6

Carries DNA instructions for proteins out of nucleus

Question 7

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 7

Combines with proteins to form ribosomes (areas of protein synthesis)

Question 8

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 8

Binds to amino acids, then ferries amino acids to sites of mRNA

Question 9

Anticodon

Answer 9

Matching sets to codons contained on tRNA

Question 10

Enhancer Segments

Answer 10

Increase transcription of particular gene

Question 11

Gene mutation

Answer 11

Changes in DNA sequence caused by faulty replication

Question 12

Point mutation

Answer 12

Change in one or few nucleotides

Question 13

Repair enzymes

Answer 13

Proteins which can catch and repair point mutations

Question 14

Insertions

Answer 14

Addition of one or more nucleotide bases

Question 15

Deletions

Answer 15

Loss of one or more nucleotide bases

Question 16

Inversions

Answer 16

Flipping of nucleotide positions

Question 17

Silent mutations

Answer 17

Mutation codes for same amino acids

Question 18

Harmless mutation

Answer 18

Mutation that does not change protein structure or function

Question 19

Issues with mutation

Answer 19

Altered protein function

Destruction of protein function