Cell Cycle Flashcards
Which bases bind to each other?
Adenine binds to Thymine, Guanine binds to Cytosine
Gene
Specific segment of DNA that determines a specific protein
Transcription
- DNA codes for RNA
- RNA takes info to ribosome
What base pairs with Adenine in RNA?
Uracil
DNA’s nucleotide bases
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Translation
RNA translates information from DNA into a sequence of amino acids
Codons
Three nucleotides long; codes for different amino acids
Histones
Proteins that coil DNA
Chromatin
Uncoiled DNA sitting in the cell; genes are active
Chromosomes
Individual strands of condensed DNA
Sister chromatids
Attached copies of DNA
Centromere
Joins sister chromatids
Zygote
Single cell formed by union of sperm and egg
Mitosis
Division that results in identical daughter cells
Two phases of Mitosis
Interphase and M Phase
Interphase
Cells grows rapidly and DNA is synthesized
Parts of M Phase
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
Prophase (of mitosis)
- Chromatin condenses
- nuclear membrane breaks
- mitotic spindles grow from centrioles
- centrioles move to poles
Metaphase (of Mitosis)
- spindle attach to chromosomes
- chromosomes positioned along center of the cell
Anaphase (of Mitosis)
- sister chromatids pulled apart at centromeres
- chromosomes pulled to opposite poles
Telophase and Cytokinesis
- nuclear envelope forms
- mitotic spindles disassemble
- cells split
Mitosis produces…
Two identical daughter cells, each containing a full set of genetic information
Homologous Pairs
Pair of chromosomes that carry the same genes
