Nervous system Flashcards
Nervous System Function
- a network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body
- controls every function in the body.
Central nervous system components (2)
- brain
- spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system components
- nerves that control the peripheral of the body
- organs
Benefits of massage on nervous system (4)
- the relaxation response from massage helps to reduce strain on the nervous system.
- can help reduce pain by stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system.
- reduces fascial and muscular tension and reduction of joint stiffness
- can help reduce the amount of time a body spends in “sympathetic overdrive”
First 2 branches of the nervous system are
- Central nervous system
- Peripheral nervous system
2 branches of the Peripheral nervous system are
- sensory nervous system
- motor nervous system
2 branches of the motor nervous system are
- autonomic nervous system (cardiac, smooth muscle)
- somatic nervous system (skeletal muscle)
2 branches of the autonomic nervous system are
- sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)
- parasympathetic nervous system (rest & digest)
3 sections of the brain
Brain Stem - composed of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
Cerebrum - composed of the cerebral hemispheres, basal nuclei, hypothalamus and thalamus
Cerebellum
Brain stem function
comprises the centers that control breathing, heart rate, eye movement and many other critical functions.
Cerebrum function
- is the center of conscious decision making
- is the region of the brain responsible for perception, emotion, voluntary movement and most learning.
Cerebellum function
Involved in movement, motor control, and balance.
Spinal cord function (2)
- It is the point of exit for nerves on their way out to innervate muscles and the body
- It is the point of entry for sensory fibers returning from the body’s sensory organs.
All the nerves outside the central nervous system are collectively called the
peripheral nervous system
MENINGES are
Specialized tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord
CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID (CSF)
surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord.
There are two systems of nerves that serve the body
- Cranial nerves
- spinal nerves
Cranial nerves origin-
originate from the brain (in comparison to spinal cord) inside the cranium (head).
How many pairs of cranial nerves
12
Vagas nerve function
travels to the body serving as a parasympathetic branch to organs in the cervical, thoracic and abdominal area
Spinal nerves origin
arise from the spinal cord, and supply the rest of the body.
Spinal nerves function
Through the spinal nerves the CNS receives information and controls the actions of the trunk and limbs.
Number of cervical spinal nerve pairs
8
Number of thoracic spinal nerve pairs
12
Number of lumbar spinal nerve pairs
5
Number of sacral spinal nerve pairs
5
Number of coccygeal (tail) spinal nerve pairs
1
PARTS OF A NEURON (3)
- DENDRITES
- SOMA or CELL BODY (contains the nucleus or the cell)
- AXON
Order that signals travel through the neuron (3)
- DENDRITE
- SOMA
- AXON
neurotransmitters
The signal between neurons
The ends of the two neurons meet at a
SYNAPSE
The sending neuron is called the
PRESYNAPTIC neuron
POSTSYNAPTIC neuron
the receiving neuron is called the
The small space between the receptors of the pre and post synaptic neurons is called th.
SYNAPTIC CLEFT
myelin function
to protect and insulate axons and enhance their transmission of electrical impulses. If myelin is damaged, the transmission of these impulses is slowed down, which is seen in severe neurological conditions.
The spaces between myelin on the axon
Nodes of Ranvier
The myelinated portion of the axon
Internodes
Myelin is made up of
Glial Cells (Glia means glue)
A glial cell that forms the myelin of the CNS or Central Nervous System.
OLIGODENDROCYTE
A glial cell that forms the myelin sheath around the axon of neurons in the PNS or Peripheral Nervous System.
SCHWANN CELL
MAJOR RECEPTOR TYPES are related to our senses (5)
VISION
HEARING (WHICH INCLUDES BALANCE)
TASTE
SMELL
TOUCH.
Neurons that Gain information from the external world
EXTERORECEPTORS
Neurons that Gain information from inside the body
INTRORECEPTORS
TYPES OF SENSORY RECEPTORS (4)
- MECHANORECEPTORS
- CHEMORECEPTORS
- THERMORECEPTORS
- PHOTORECEPTORS
Mechanoreceptors react to
pressure, forces and movements
Chemoreceptors react to
substances
Thermoreceptors react to
temperature
Photoreceptors react to
light
NOCICEPTOR reacts to
pain
TYPES OF MECHANORECEPTORS (4)
- PACINIAN CORPUSCLE
- MERKEL’S DISC
- MEISSNERS CORPUSCLE
- RUFFINI’S CORPUSCLE
Pacinian Corpuscle function
- receptors that detect gross pressure changes and vibrations in the skin.
Merkel’s Disc function
- receptors that respond to light touch.
Meissner’s corpuscles function
Receptors that respond to touch and low-frequency vibration
Ruffini’s Corpuscle function
- receptors that detect stretch, deformation within joints, and warmth.
