nervous system

Question 1

What are the three primary functions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

-Collects information about what is going on inside and outside your body through sensory receptors and send it to the spinal cord or brain
-interprets the info it receives
-Sends a response to different parts of the body

Question 2

What are neurons?

Answer 2

specialized cells that send electrical signals which cause sensations, movement, and thoughts

Question 3

How many neurons are in the body?

Answer 3

billions

Question 4

Soma?

Answer 4

the cell body of a neuron that contains its nucleus. Together, they maintain the cell and keep the neuron functioning

Question 5

Dendrites?

Answer 5

they stretch out from the cell like the branches of a tree. Dendrites receive chemical messages from other neurons

Question 6

Axon?

Answer 6

A thin nerve fiber that conducts electrical signals

Question 7

Axon terminal?

Answer 7

Fires electrical signals across a gap between nerve cells called a synapse

Question 8

Neurotransmitter

Answer 8

Moves across the synapse and attaches to receptors on the dendrites of a nearby neuron

Question 9

What are the parts of a neuron?

Answer 9

soma, dendrites, axon, axon terminal, neurotransmitter

Question 10

What are messages between neurons called?

Answer 10

Impluses

Question 11

The space between neurons is called

Answer 11

synapse

Question 12

What is a sensory neuron?

Answer 12

they collect information from inside and outside the body and send it to the brain and spinal cord

Question 13

What is an interneuron?

Answer 13

Messengers that transmit information between the motor and sensory neurons

Question 14

What are motor neurons?

Answer 14

They send information between organs, muscles and glands, and are responsible for controlling muscles

Question 15

What are the two main systems the brain is divided into?

Answer 15

CNS (central nervous system) and PNS (peripheral nervous system)

Question 16

The CNS is divided into two parts:

Answer 16

brain and spinal cord

Question 17

The main function of the CNS:

Answer 17

to receive and process all the information from the body

Question 18

The function of the PNS:

Answer 18

to carry out all functions of the CNS

Question 19

Cerebrum:

Answer 19

a large wrinkled structure that sits at the top of the brain

Question 20

Cerebral cortex

Answer 20

a 3 millimeter thick layer of tissue that covers the brain’s hemispheres

Question 21

Frontal lobe

Answer 21

Movement, problem solving, concentration, thinking, behavior, personality, and mood

Question 22

Temporal lobe

Answer 22

Language, hearing, memory, learning

Question 23

Parietal lobe

Answer 23

Integrates sensory information and processes spatial information

Question 24

Occipital lobe

Answer 24

Visual processing center

Question 25

Corpus callosum

Answer 25

200 million densely packed nerve cells that link the two hemispheres of the brain

Question 26

Cerebellum

Answer 26

Located at the back of the brain below the cerebrum. It controls functions such as body movement, balance and posture

Question 27

Brainstem

Answer 27

Responsible for the body’s most basic involuntary functions, such as breathing and circulating blood

Question 28

Amygdala:

Answer 28

emotion

Question 29

Hippocampus:

Answer 29

memory

Question 30

Hypothalamus:

Answer 30

maintaining homeostasis (hunger, thirst, temperature, etc.)

Question 31

Thalamus:

Answer 31

sends sensory information to the cerebral cortex

Question 32

Motor Area?

Answer 32

Controls voluntary movements

Question 33

Sensory Area?

Answer 33

Skin sensations

Question 34

Broca’s area

Answer 34

speech control

Question 35

Wernicke’s area

Answer 35

Language comprehension

Question 36

Parasympathetic:

Answer 36

Helps to maintain normal body functions (Undoing the fight or flight response after a threat has passed)

Question 37

Sympathetic:

Answer 37

Responds to stress and is responsible for the body’s fight or flight response

Question 38

What makes a reflex different from any other type of movement?

Answer 38

There is no input from the brain. The signal goes directly in and out of the spinal cord

Question 39

Two parts of autonomic>

Answer 39

Sympathetic, parasympathetic

Question 40

What are the four parts of the limbic system?

Answer 40

Amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus

Question 41

Autonomic:

Answer 41

automatic movements (involuntary)

Question 42

Somatic:

Answer 42

voluntary movements (Eg. walking, chicken dance, etc.)

Question 43

What are the two parts of the PNS

Answer 43

somatic, autonomic

Question 44

Give two examples of reflexes:

Answer 44

Removing hand from something hot, dilation of your pupils

Question 45

What is Parkinson’s?

Answer 45

Parkinson’s is a progressive disorder that affects the nervous system. Symptoms gradually get worse.

Question 46

What causes Parkinson’s?

Answer 46

Advancing age which causes a loss of brain cells which causes Parkinson’s.

Question 47

Symptoms of parkinson’s

Answer 47

-Tremors
-People experience tremors in around 80% of Parkinson’s cases
-Stiffness
-There are two types of stiffness, lead-pipe and cogwheel. Lead-pipe is rigidness by itself and cogwheel is when rigidness is combined with tremors
-Unstable posture
-The rigidness can cause a hunched back or bad posture
-Other motor symptoms
-Blinking less often, cramped or small handwriting, trouble swallowing, etc.

Question 48

Treatment or cure for Parkinson’s?

Answer 48

Levodopa is the leading treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa is absorbed by the nerve cells in the brain, where it is transformed into chemical dopamine. This is used to help the brain transmit messages between different parts of the brain, and to aid the neurological system in regaining control of motions. There is no cure.