fertilization

Question 1

what is a gamete?

Answer 1

specialized sex cells that contain half of the genetic material of a normal human cell (sperm and egg)

Question 2

how many chromosomes does each sperm have?

Answer 2

23

Question 3

how many chromosomes does each egg have?

Answer 3

23

Question 4

do sperm and egg cells have the same amount of chromosomes?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

where does fertilization normally occur?

Answer 5

fallopian tubes

Question 6

what is the path of sperm cell once it has entered the vagina?

Answer 6

vagina->cervix->uterus->one of the fallopian tubes

Question 7

how does fertilization occur?

Answer 7

the fastest/healthiest sperm cells reach the egg, sperm contains chemical that breaks down coating around egg, several sperm cells burrow into the covering to make a hole for one to enter, once it enters it leaves its tail outside and a chemical change prevents more from entering

Question 8

when is fertilization most likely to occur?

Answer 8

ovulation

Question 9

can a woman only get pregnant during ovulation?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

what is a zygote?

Answer 10

fertilized egg

Question 11

what happens to egg after fertilization?

Answer 11

after the zygote travels to the uterus it attaches to the lining of the uterus and becomes a blastocyst

Question 12

what is prenatal care?

Answer 12

taking care of yourself and the baby as a pregnant mother (eg, no alcohol/drugs, no raw fish, no smoking)

Question 13

what are causes of infertility?

Answer 13

-irregular ovulation
-low sperm count
-poor swimming sperm
-blocked fallopian tubes
-old eggs

Question 14

define embryo

Answer 14

developing baby (up to 8 weeks)

Question 15

define fetus

Answer 15

developing baby after 8 weeks

Question 16

define placenta

Answer 16

blood-rich organ that nourishes the developing baby

Question 17

define umbilical cord

Answer 17

connects baby to placenta

Question 18

define amniotic sac

Answer 18

thin membrane filled with fluid that protects the baby

Question 19

define artificial insemination

Answer 19

when a doctor inserts semen into uterus w/o penis

Question 20

define in vitro fertilization

Answer 20

when sperm and eggs are removed then fertilize them in labs and then put into woman

Question 21

define surrogate

Answer 21

if mother is unable to/doesnt want to be pregnant, they can pay another woman (the surrogate) to carry the baby

Question 22

define midwife

Answer 22

trained to deliver babies but is not a doctor

Question 23

define anesthetic

Answer 23

causes insensitivity to pain

Question 24

define epidural

Answer 24

shot in the spine causes numbness from spine down

Question 25

define natural childbirth

Answer 25

vaginal birth with no numbing agents or medication

Question 26

define c-section

Answer 26

cut open uterus and retrieve baby

Question 27

why are c-sections performed?

Answer 27

-if you already had a c-section
-baby stuck
-baby is facing wrong way
-mother or baby is distressed
-umbilical cord wrapped around baby neck

Question 28

what is the difference between the fertilization of fraternal and identical twins?

Answer 28

fraternal: 2 eggs are fertilized
identical: fertilized egg splits into two

Question 29

what are the three stages of birth?

Answer 29

labor, delivery, afterbirth

Question 30

what is labor?

Answer 30

contractions of the uterus (cervix is dilating). this is the longest stage

Question 31

what is delivery?

Answer 31

baby comes out and the umbilical cord is cut

Question 32

what is afterbirth?

Answer 32

delivery of the placenta

Question 33

what is the importance of mother’s milk?

Answer 33

passes antibodies from mother to weak baby

Question 34

what is a blastocyst?

Answer 34

after the zygote attaches to the lining of the uterus, it becomes a blastocyst

Question 35

specialized sex cells that contain half of the genetic material of a normal human cell (sperm and egg)

Answer 35

gamete

Question 36

what happens in the fallopian tubes?

Answer 36

fertilization typically occurs

Question 37

developing baby (up to 8 weeks)

Answer 37

embryo

Question 38

developing baby after 8 weeks

Answer 38

fetus

Question 39

what is the timline of an egg to baby

Answer 39

egg->zygote->blastocyst->embryo->fetus->baby

Question 40

blood-rich organ that nourishes the developing baby

Answer 40

placenta

Question 41

what is the timeline of an egg to baby

Answer 41

egg->zygote->blastocyst->embryo->fetus->baby

Question 42

thin membrane filled with fluid that protects the baby

Answer 42

amniotic sac

Question 43

inserting semen with out penis

Answer 43

artificial insemination

Question 44

fertilizing egg in lab

Answer 44

in vitro fertilization