immune system Flashcards
what is bacteria?
one-celled microorganisms that cause diseases, they are the most numerous type of pathogen on earth and most of them are harmless
what are viruses?
they are the tiniest type of pathogen and aren’t a complete cell and aren’t alive (they have to invade living cell to thrive)
fungi?
unicellular or multi-celled pathogens that thrive in dark moist areas
protist?
mostly single-celled organisms that cause diseases
parasitic worm?
need to feed off of host to thrive
pathogen?
organisms that cause disease. they are spread through human contact, soil, food, water, or infected animals
bacteria example
strep throat, ear infections, and food posioning
virus example
colds, flu, and HIV
fungi example
ringworm and athlete’s foot
protist example
malaria, african sleeping sickness, and amebic dysentery
parasitic worm example
tapeworm
how does skin protect from pathogens?
provides a wall between your insides and the environment. it also has an oily substance called sebum that fights disease
what are the three layers of skin?
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
epidermis:
outer layer, dead skin cells
dermis:
thick middle layer, holds nerve endings, oil glands and blood
hypodermis:
innermost layer of skin that contains stored fat cells that keep you warm
antigens?
invaders that attack the body
what pathogen is mostly harmless?
bacteria
what pathogen is not alive?
virus
what pathogen thrives in dark, moist places?
fungi
what pathogen causes diseases like malaria?
protist
what pathogen need to feed off their host?
parasitic worms
what are leukocytes?
white blood cells
what do leukocytes do?
they seek out and destroy disease
what are phagocytes and lymphocytes?
they are the two types of leukocytes
where are leukocytes stored?
bone marrow, thymus, and spleen
which white blood cells chew up invading pathogens and antigens?
phagocytes
which white blood cells recognize and remember return invaders, as well as help to destroy them
lymphocytes
what is a fancy name for white blood cells?
leukocytes
what are neutrophils?
a phagocyte that fights bacteria
thymus, spleen, and tonsils are organs of what system?
lymphatic system
what is the thymus?
produces and stores white blood cells
what is the spleen?
filters and stores blood
what are the two cells of lymphocytes?
B and T cells
what are B cells?
they seek out targets in the body and make specialized proteins called antibodies
what are T cells?
rush to antigen and destroy it
how do the B and T cells recognize antigens?
They use marker molecules that help them recognize the shape of the antigens
what are antibodies?
proteins that B cells produce that lock on and tag antigens
innate, adaptive, and passive are all types of..?
immunity
what is innate immunity?
immunity that you are born with. eg. skin
what is adaptive immunity?
develops throughout life from getting disease or vaccines (they give small amount of disease)
what is passive immunity?
it only lasts for limited time eg. mothers milk
what are antibiotics for?
to treat bacterial infections
what are the three types of immunity?
innate, adaptive, and passive
how do vaccines work?
they give you a small amount of the disease they are protecting you from
