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life science sem 2 > immune system > Flashcards

immune system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is bacteria?

A

one-celled microorganisms that cause diseases, they are the most numerous type of pathogen on earth and most of them are harmless

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2
Q

what are viruses?

A

they are the tiniest type of pathogen and aren’t a complete cell and aren’t alive (they have to invade living cell to thrive)

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3
Q

fungi?

A

unicellular or multi-celled pathogens that thrive in dark moist areas

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4
Q

protist?

A

mostly single-celled organisms that cause diseases

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5
Q

parasitic worm?

A

need to feed off of host to thrive

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6
Q

pathogen?

A

organisms that cause disease. they are spread through human contact, soil, food, water, or infected animals

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7
Q

bacteria example

A

strep throat, ear infections, and food posioning

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8
Q

virus example

A

colds, flu, and HIV

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9
Q

fungi example

A

ringworm and athlete’s foot

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10
Q

protist example

A

malaria, african sleeping sickness, and amebic dysentery

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11
Q

parasitic worm example

A

tapeworm

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12
Q

how does skin protect from pathogens?

A

provides a wall between your insides and the environment. it also has an oily substance called sebum that fights disease

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13
Q

what are the three layers of skin?

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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14
Q

epidermis:

A

outer layer, dead skin cells

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15
Q

dermis:

A

thick middle layer, holds nerve endings, oil glands and blood

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16
Q

hypodermis:

A

innermost layer of skin that contains stored fat cells that keep you warm

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17
Q

antigens?

A

invaders that attack the body

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18
Q

what pathogen is mostly harmless?

A

bacteria

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19
Q

what pathogen is not alive?

A

virus

20
Q

what pathogen thrives in dark, moist places?

A

fungi

21
Q

what pathogen causes diseases like malaria?

A

protist

22
Q

what pathogen need to feed off their host?

A

parasitic worms

23
Q

what are leukocytes?

A

white blood cells

24
Q

what do leukocytes do?

A

they seek out and destroy disease

25
Q

what are phagocytes and lymphocytes?

A

they are the two types of leukocytes

26
Q

where are leukocytes stored?

A

bone marrow, thymus, and spleen

27
Q

which white blood cells chew up invading pathogens and antigens?

A

phagocytes

28
Q

which white blood cells recognize and remember return invaders, as well as help to destroy them

A

lymphocytes

29
Q

what is a fancy name for white blood cells?

A

leukocytes

30
Q

what are neutrophils?

A

a phagocyte that fights bacteria

31
Q

thymus, spleen, and tonsils are organs of what system?

A

lymphatic system

32
Q

what is the thymus?

A

produces and stores white blood cells

33
Q

what is the spleen?

A

filters and stores blood

34
Q

what are the two cells of lymphocytes?

A

B and T cells

35
Q

what are B cells?

A

they seek out targets in the body and make specialized proteins called antibodies

36
Q

what are T cells?

A

rush to antigen and destroy it

37
Q

how do the B and T cells recognize antigens?

A

They use marker molecules that help them recognize the shape of the antigens

38
Q

what are antibodies?

A

proteins that B cells produce that lock on and tag antigens

39
Q

innate, adaptive, and passive are all types of..?

A

immunity

40
Q

what is innate immunity?

A

immunity that you are born with. eg. skin

41
Q

what is adaptive immunity?

A

develops throughout life from getting disease or vaccines (they give small amount of disease)

42
Q

what is passive immunity?

A

it only lasts for limited time eg. mothers milk

43
Q

what are antibiotics for?

A

to treat bacterial infections

44
Q

what are the three types of immunity?

A

innate, adaptive, and passive

45
Q

how do vaccines work?

A

they give you a small amount of the disease they are protecting you from

life science sem 2 (14 decks)

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