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Anatomy > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

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2
Q

what two organs make up CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Functions of the CNS

A

Integrate, porcess and coordinate sonsory data and motor commands

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4
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nerve system

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5
Q

Two types of Peripheral nefves

A

cranial and spinal

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6
Q

Mixed nerves

A

nerves that contain both sensory and motor nerve fibes (most nerves are mixed)

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7
Q

Motor Nerves

A

nerves that carry impulses to muscles or glands

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8
Q

sensory nerves

A

nerves that carry out impulses into the brain or spinal cord

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9
Q

Two divisions of spinal nerves

A

Afferent and Efferent

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10
Q

afferent

A

brings sensory information from receptors (PNS) to the CNS

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11
Q

efferent

A

Carries motor commands from CNS to muscles

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12
Q

somatic nerves

A

Muscles with voluntary control

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13
Q

autonomic nerves

A

Muscles with involuntary control

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14
Q

sympathetic

A

fight or flight

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15
Q

parasympathetic

A

Rest and digest/ feed and breed

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16
Q

3 general nervous system functions

A

sensory, integrative and motor

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17
Q

Sensory Functions

A

receptors detect changes in body conditions

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18
Q

Integrative function

A

Taxes sensory info and makes decisions that are acted upon with motor function

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19
Q

Motor Functions

A

make use of effectors that respond when they are stimulated by motor impulses

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20
Q

Convergence

A

a single neuron recives impulses from several incoming fibers, having an additve effect

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21
Q

Divergence

A

Impulse from one neuron may stimulate two, those two may stimulate 2 more.

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22
Q

what does divergence allow for

A

an impules to be amplified and spread out between neurons

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23
Q

Functions of the CNS

A

Integrate, porcess and coordinate sonsory data and motor commands

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24
Q

3 general nervous system functions

A

sensory, integrative and motor

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25
Q

2 principle kinds of cells in neural tissue

A

Neurons and Neuroglial (Glial) cells

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26
Q

Neurons

A

structural and functional unit of neural tissue

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27
Q

neuron function

A

process and relay information

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28
Q

Glial cells function

A

supporting cells that give structural support to nervous tissue, serve as phagocytes, regulate interstitial fluid and assist in metabolism.

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29
Q

T/F there are more neurons thatn glial cells

A

False

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30
Q

primary difference between CNS and PNS

A

number and types of glial cells they contain

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31
Q

what four types of glial cells are found in CNS

A

Ependymal, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Microglia

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32
Q

Ependymal

A

line the central canal of spinal cord and brain ventricles; some secrete cerebrospinal fluid, others assit in circulation of the fluid

33
Q

Astrocytes

A

Maintai blood-brain barrier, provide structural framework for neurons, perform repairs to tissue and direct the growth of develepoping neurons in the womb

34
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Tie axon clusters together and improve neuron performince

35
Q

Microglia

A

clean up crew that engulfs celular waste products, increase in number with injury

36
Q

2 types of glial cells found in the PNS

A

Satellite cells and Schwann cells

37
Q

sattelite cells

A

surround neuron cell bodies

38
Q

Ganglia

A

special masses of nervous tissue that occuer outside of the spinal cord

39
Q

schwann cells

A

covr peripheral axons to myelenate them

40
Q

Mylenation

A

a layer of mylen surronds nerve cell and makes it transmit faster

41
Q

how many axons in a nerve

A

one

42
Q

axon

A

long process that carries impulses away from the cell body

43
Q

fine extensions at the end of an Axon

A

terminal filaments

44
Q

whats found on the end of terminal filaments

A

synaptic knobs

45
Q

synaptic knobs

A

contain neurotransmitters that facilitate movement of impulses across a synapse

46
Q

Neurilemma

A

surronds myelin sheaths

47
Q

what part of brain matter do mylenated nerves make up

A

white matter

48
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

gaps found along the axon between myelin sheaths

49
Q

Perikaryon (soma)

A

the cell body of a nerve cell-contains cytoplasm, nucleus etc.

50
Q

What makes up gray matter

A

Nissl bodies (free ribosomes seen in nerve bodies)

51
Q

how do neuron cells divide

A

they don’t (no centrioles)

52
Q

how many Dendrites does a neuron have

A

many

53
Q

Dendrites

A

Short and branching; extend from the cell body; sends info to cell body

54
Q

Unipolar neurons

A

1 process that extends from body that divides into a peripheral process( dendrite) and a central process

55
Q

What type of neurons are unipolar

A

PNS sensoy neurons

56
Q

Multipola Neurons

A

Many process on cell body, one axon, the rest are dendrites

57
Q

types of neurons that are multipolar

A

Most neurons in brain or spinal cord and motor neurons

58
Q

Bipolar Neuron

A

Nonmyelinated; have 1 dendrite and 1 axon, with cell body in the middle,

59
Q

where can bipolar neurons be found

A

they are relatively rare but are found in retna, inner ear and nose

60
Q

Sensory Neyrons

A

collect data about internal and external environment, which is sent to brain or spinal cord

61
Q

types of sensory receptors

A

extroceptors, proprioceptors and introceptors

62
Q

exteroceptors

A

external environment

63
Q

Proprioceptors

A

position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints

64
Q

interoceptors

A

internal environment

65
Q

somatic motor neurons

A

stimulate voluntary muscle activity

66
Q

visceral motor neurons

A

elicit response from all other peripheral structures (not muscle); involuntary

67
Q

Interneurons

A

connector neurons that link other neurons

68
Q

excitability

A

able to change in their environment

69
Q

conductivity

A

ENABLES THEM TO SEND ELECTRICAL IMPULSES

70
Q

Inttegration

A

Allows incoming impulses to be sorted out and interpreted

71
Q

Inttegration

A

Allows incoming impulses to be sorted out and interpreted

72
Q

What is the outer charge of a resting nerve cell

A

Positive

73
Q

Resting cell has sodium or potassium

A

High concentration of potassium inside the cell

74
Q

action potential

A

a nerve impulse

75
Q

depoloraxation

A

neuron becomes more positive

76
Q

refractory period

A

time required to restore the resting potential

77
Q

Excitaory synapses

A

trigger a nerve impulse

78
Q

Inhibitory synapses

A

reduce the ability of a neuron to depolarize

Anatomy (9 decks)

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