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Anatomy > Chapter 5- Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 5- Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

interstitial fluid

A

the fluid that occupies space between cells and bathes them in nutrients

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2
Q

Tight junction

A

when the membranes of adjacent cells converge and fuse. Typically join cells that form sheet-like layers (Ex. digestive tract and blood vessels in the brain)

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3
Q

Cells

A

Perform one or more specialized functions for the body

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3
Q

Where is interstitial fluid derived from

A

blood

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4
Q

Desmosomes

A

Adhesion junctions (spot welds) form a reinforced structural unit

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5
Q

Gap Junctions

A

“communication junctions”; allow direct passage of ions, nutrients and other small molecules to move between them

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6
Q

Gap Junctions

A

“communication junctions”; allow direct passage of ions, nutrients and other small molecules to move between them

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7
Q

what are the four types of tissues

A

Epithelial, connective, nervous and Muscle

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8
Q

Where is Epithelial Tissue Found

A

It covers the surface of the body, and lines the
internal structures and cavities of the body.

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9
Q

Functions of Epithelial Tissue

A

absorption, secretion, filtration and protection

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10
Q

Which type of cell always has one free surface

A

Epithelial

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11
Q

What is the free surface of an epithelial tissue called

A

apical surface ( always exposed to the exterior of the body or to the cavity)

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12
Q

basement membre

A

A thin nonliving layer that anchors epithelium to underlying connective tissue

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13
Q

Microvilli

A

finger like extensions of the plasma membrane that greatly increase surface area.

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14
Q

Where can Microvilli be found

A

lining the small intestines

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15
Q

Cilia

A

tiny hair-like projections on cell surfaces that move in a wavelike
manner. Used to propel substances along the epithelial surface

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16
Q

Where is Cilia found

A

tracheal lining and other internal tracts

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17
Q

Goblet cells

A

individual cells that produce mucus

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18
Q

What kind of tissue contains no blood vessels

A

Epithelial

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19
Q

What kind of tissue has a high regenerative capacity

A

Epithelial

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20
Q

How are epithelium labeled

A

Number of layers of cells and shape of cells

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21
Q

Simple (prefix)

A

Single layers, found where absorption and infiltration occur

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22
Q

Stratified (prefix)

A

Multiple Layers of cells, found in areas of high abrasion where protection is important

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23
Q

Squamos

A

Flattened and scale like; nucleus disc-shaped

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24
Q

Cuboidal

A

as tall as they are wide with a spherical nucleus

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25
Q

Columnar

A

tall and column shaped; nucleus is elongated from top to bottom

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26
Q

Simple Squamos

A

Thin and often Permeable, found where rapid diffusion is a priority

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27
Q

Examples of Simple Squamous

A

Filtrating membrane in kidneys, Walls of air sacs in lungs where gas exchange occurs, inner walls of blood vessels. Lining Covering the heart and lining covering the lungs.

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28
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

Function:secretion and absorption

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29
Q

Where can you find Simple Cuboidal

A

a. In the secretory portion of glands
b. Ducts that deliver secretions
c. Kidney tubules: for absorption

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30
Q

Pseudo-stratified Columnar

A

Only one layer of cells, but appears to be more as the nuclei are at different leves along a row, contains goblet cells and cilia

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31
Q

What is the major function of stratified

A

protectionq

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32
Q

Stratified squamos

A

Most complex and widespread stratified epithilium; Function: protection of underlying layers in areas subject to abrstoin

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33
Q

Stratified squamos examples

A

External part of tongue, Lines mouth, pharynx,
esophagus, anal canal, vagina, and Epidermis

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34
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

A

Usually only 2 layers (limited distribution in the body)

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35
Q

Where is stratified cuboidal found

A

found primarily in the ducts of Sweat, Mammary and Salivary glands

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36
Q

Stratified Columnar

A

Found in few locations; Function: Protection and secretion

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37
Q

Example of Stratified columnar

A

Male Eurethra

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38
Q

Transitional

A

Specialized to change (stretches to permit distension in response to tension.

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39
Q

Examples of Transitional

A

lining of urinary organs, ureters, bladder and part
of the urethra.

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40
Q

Connecive tissue

A

Connects other tissues and forms the components of
the intercellular material.

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41
Q

Connective tissue functions

A

support, protection, binding, insulation, and
transportation (blood).

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42
Q

what is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue of the body

A

Connective Tissue

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43
Q

Where is connective tissue derived from

A

the mesenchyme (an embryonic
tissue derived from the mesoderm germ layer).

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44
Q

Which tissue type has varying vascularity

A

Connective

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45
Q

Which type of tissue has an extra cellular matrix

A

Connectie

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46
Q

what results in connective tissue’s
ability to bear weight, withstand great tension, and endure
abuses (physical trauma/abrasions) that no other tissue can
withstand. The

A

extracellular matrix

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47
Q

Ground Substance

A

an amorphous material including various proteins, polysaccharides, and interstitial fluid.

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48
Q

What three types of fibers are found in connective tissue

A

Elastin, Reticular and collagen

49
Q

Collagen Fibers

A

(white fibers): Extremely tough fibers (they are stronger than steel fibers of the same size) that enable the matrix in which they are found to withstand significant longitudinal stress.

49
Q

Collagen Fibers

A

(white fibers): Extremely tough fibers (they are stronger than steel fibers of the same size) that enable the matrix in which they are found to withstand significant longitudinal stress.

50
Q

Elastin Fibers

A

(yellow fibers): Have the ability to stretch and recoil like a rubber
band. Elastin gives the matrix in which they are found a rubbery or resilient quality; Found where ever greater elasticity is needed. Example: Skin, lungs, blood vessel walls.

51
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Similar to collagen fibers (resemble thin collagenous fibers) and are found with collagen fibers. They surround small blood vessels and support the soft tissue of organs.

52
Q

What are the types of fundamental cells found in connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts, Macrophages, and Mast Cells

53
Q

Fibroblasts

A

star-shaped cells that produce fibers

54
Q

Macrophages

A

Function as scavenger cells and clear foreign particles from tissue; specialized to carry on phagocytosis

55
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

Loose, dense, cartilage, bone, and blood

56
Q

Types of loose connective tissue

A

Areolar, Adipos, and Reticular

57
Q

Areolar

A

Serves as a soft
universal packing material between other body
tissues

58
Q

Areolar structure

A

loose arrangement of supportive fibers (matrix is mostly fluid) acts as a reservoir for water and salts

59
Q

Areolar location

A

Under Epithelia
Surround capillaries
Surface of the heart Around certain joints

60
Q

Areolar Function

A

Wraps and cushions organs, Macrophages phagocytize bacteria, Plays important role in inflammation, Holds and conveys tissues fluid

61
Q

Adipose

A

(fat) strong nutrient capacity

62
Q

Adipose structure

A

Adipocytes are closely packed and
makeup 90%of the tissue’s mass.Them nucleus of these cells is pushed to the side by a large fat droplet that occupies most of the cell’s volume. They are among the largest
cells in the body. They are incapable of cell division

63
Q

Is adipose vascular or avascular

A

Richly Vascular

63
Q

Adipose location

A

It can develop almost anywhere, but usually in subcutaneous tissue, fat deposits are typically genetically predetermined.

64
Q

Adipose function

A

Provides reserve food fuel. Insulates against heat loss. Acts as a shock absorber. Supports and protects organs

65
Q

Reticular connective tissue structure

A

Loose matrix containing a network of reticular fibers and
collagenous fibers in a 3-D network.

66
Q

Reticular connective tissue location

A

Lymphoid organs, bone marrow, spleen

67
Q

Reticular connective tissue function

A

supports many free blood cells (primarily lymphocytes)

68
Q

Dense Regular (connective)

A

Tissue: Has enormous tensile
strength when pulling force is applied in one direction

69
Q

Major cell type of dense regular

A

fibroblasts

70
Q

fiber types of dense regular

A

parallel collagen and elastin

71
Q

Dense Regular location

A

tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses( the sheet-like tendons that attach muscles to other
muscles or to bones)

72
Q

Dense Regular function

A

connects muscle to muscles or bones and bones to bones

73
Q

Tendons

A

Muscle to bone connection

74
Q

Ligaments

A

bone to bone connection

75
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

same structure as dense regular, but collagen fibers are thicker interwoven and not parallel.

76
Q

Dense irregular location

A

Forms fibrous coating around
organs like the testes, kidneys,
bone, cartilage, nerves.

77
Q

Dense irregular

A

withstands tension in many directions, provide structural strengh

78
Q

Elastic structure

A

Composed (almost entirely of) elastin fibers

79
Q

Elastic location

A

Walls of aorta, some parts of the trachea, Bronchi, Vocal cords, and ligaments that connect the vertebre

80
Q

Elastic Function

A

provides durability while still streching

81
Q

Elastic Function

A

provides durability while still streching

82
Q

cartilage predominant cell type

A

chondroblast

83
Q

cartilage

A

tough yet flexile, provides a resilient rigidity to structures, avascular no nerve fibers, firm matriz with firm collagen fibers

84
Q

Three types of cartilage

A

Hyaline Cartilige

85
Q

Most widely distributed cartilige type

A

Hylaine

86
Q

Hylane cartillage structure

A

Fine collagenous fibers give glassy apperance

87
Q

hylaine cartilage location

A

embreyotic skeleton, ends of bones, ribs, nose, larynx trachea, epiphyseal plates

88
Q

Hylaine cartilage function

A

supports and reinforces as well as helping absorb compression

89
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

looks yellow do to high elastic fiber count

90
Q

Elastic location

A

Found where strength and exceptional ability to stretch are needed
Auditory tubes
External ear
Epiglottis: the flap that keeps stuff from entering the lungs

91
Q

Elastic cartilage function

A

Maintains the shape of the structure while allowing great flexibility

92
Q

Fibrocartilage structure

A

mostly thin collagen fibers

93
Q

Fibrocartilage location

A

Found where strong support
and the ability to withstand
heavy pressure are required
Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis
Discs of knee joints

94
Q

Fibrocartilage function

A

Tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock

95
Q

Bone (osseus tissue)

A

Primary cell:osteoblasts osteoclasts and osteocytes

96
Q

Bone structure

A

Hard calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers
Deposits of inorganic calcium salts
Very well supplied with blood vessels

97
Q

Bone function

A

Supports and protects
Provides levers for muscles to act on
Stores calcium and other minerals
Stores fat
Marrow inside bone is site for blood cell formation

98
Q

Red Blood Cels

A

erythrocytes

99
Q

White blood cells

A

lymphocytes

100
Q

Platelets

A

thrombocytes

101
Q

what are the fibers of blood made out of

A

soluble proteins that become visible during clotting

102
Q

why is blood considered connective tissue

A

tissue because it consists of a
non-living fluid matrix-plasma containing blood
cells

103
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Highly cellular

Well vasculated

Elongated shape enhances contractile functions

104
Q

skeletal mucle tissue

A

form the flesh of the body

105
Q

Skeletal muscle functiom

A

Voluntary control, locomotion, manipulation of environment, facial expressions

106
Q

Skeletal muscle structure

A

Long cylindriccal multinucleate cells

107
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue structure

A

some striations, branched cells that connect at intercolated discs

108
Q

Cardiac muscle function

A

Involuntary, pumps blood

109
Q

Smooth muscle location

A

walls of hollow organs

110
Q

Smooth muscle Structure

A

Spindle shaped cells with a central nucleus, no striations, cells form sheets

111
Q

smooth muscle function

A

Involuntary, propels substances through organs

112
Q

nervous tissue location

A

Brain, spinal cord and nerves

113
Q

Neurons

A

generate and conduct nerve impolsises

114
Q

three types of neurons

A

sensory, motor, and associative

115
Q

Sensory neurons

A

receive impulses from sensory receptorsq

116
Q

Motor Neurons

A

carry impulses to effectors

117
Q

Associative Neurons

A

relay impulses from sensory to motor.

118
Q

Neuroglia cells

A

support, insulate, and protect delicate neurons

Anatomy (9 decks)

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