Chapter 1 Flashcards
Cerebrum
Front of the brain
Cerebellum
middle of the brain
Brain stem
Back/Bottom of the brain
Aorta
Main artery that carries blood away from the heart
Heart
pumps blood around the body
Vena Cava
two large veins that return blood to the heart
Lungs
collect oxygen from the air
Trachea
connects lungs to the larynx
Esophagus
Connects Throat to stomach
Carotid Arteries
Two arteries in the neck
Jugular Vein
Vein that returns blood from the head
Thyroid
controls metabolism, located in the neck
Diaphragm
contracts and expands to open and close lungs, located right under the lungs
Liver
produces bile, which breaks down fat, located in the upper right side of the abdominal cavity
Gall Bladder
Stores bile, located on the underside of the liver
Pancreas
Makes enzymes that break down food, located a little bit below the liver
Stomach
Stores food, located on the upper right side of the abdominal cavity
Small intestine
breaks down food, located under the large intestine
Kidney
Removes waste and extra fluid from the body, located Just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine
Ureters
carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Adrenal Glands
produce hormones for the body, one is located behind each kidney
Spleen
Stores and filters blood, located in the upper left part of the abdominal cavity
Large intestine
absorbs water and salt from food, located around the outside of the small intestine
Otic
Ear
Nasal
nose
Oral
mouth
cervical
neck
acromial
point of shoulder
Axillary
Armpir
Mamary
Breast
Brachial
Arm
Antecubital
Front of elbow
carpal
wrist
palmar
palm
digital
finger
Genitals
reproductive organs
patellar
front of knee
Tarsal
top of the foot
Digital
toe
Cephalic
Frontal
Orbital
head
frontal
forehead
orbital
eye cavity
buccal
cheek
mental
chin
sternal
sternum
pectoral
chest
umbillical
navel (belly button)
Inguinal
groin
Coxal
hip
crural
entire leg
pedal
foot
Occipital
back of head
vertebral
spinal column
brachial
arm
dorsum
back
cubital
elbow
lumbar
lower back
sacral
between hips
gluteal
buttocks
perineal
bottom of the pelvis
femoral
thigh
popliteal
back of knee
Plantar
sole of the foot
Sural
calf
all homeostatic control mechanisms have what three interdependent components
control center, receptor, effector
negative feedback mechanisms
try to oppose the stimulus
positive feedback mechanisms
tries to continue the stimulus (ex. when a women gives birth)
Which two major body cavities hold most of the internal organs
Dorsal, and ventral
Dorsal cavity
contains vertebral and cranial cavities
cranial cavity
contains breain
vertebral cavity
contains spinal cord
thoracic cavity
contains pleural and pericardial cavity
Ventral body cavity
contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
pleural cavity
(right and left) contains lungs
Pericardial cavity
holds the heart
Mediastinum
region in the thoracic cavity that contains the heart, esophagus, trachea and thymus
abdominopelvic cavity
contains abdominal and pelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity
holds the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and gallbladder
Pelvic cavity
holds the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the terminal end of the large intestines
Oral cavity
contains teeth and tounge
nasal cavity
within the nose
orbital cavity
contains eyes
middle ear cavities
contain the middle ear bones
Cutaneous membrane
dry membrane that covers the outside of the body
Mucous membranes
line interior body cavities that are open to the exterior
Serous membranes
line the walls of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities, secrete a slippery serous fluid that separates the layer lining the wall of the cavity form the layer covering the organ
Pariteal layer
line the wall of the thoracic cavity
visceral layer
cover the organ
Pleural membranes
Serous membrane surrounding the lungs
Peritoneal membranes
serous membrane surrounding the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity
Integumentary system
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, protects deeper tissues from injury, synthesizes vitamin D, Houses cutaneous sensory receptors, houses sweat and oil glands, helps regulate body temperature
Skeletal system
Bones, cartilage, joints; protects and supports organs, provides framework for attachment of muscles, bones produce blood cells, stores minerals
Muscular system
maintains posture, movement/facial expressions, manipulates environment, produces heat
Nervous system
fast-acting control system of the body, coordinates activities of all other systems, responds to stimuli, allows us to think
Endocrine system
Secretes hormones directly into the blood stream, hormones regulate the body’s internal process
Cardiocascular system
transports materials to and from cells
Lymphatic system
picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels, disposes of debris in lymphatic system, houses white blood cells involved in immunity.
Respiratory System
keeps blood constantly supplies with oxygen, removes carbon dioxide, provides a location for an exchange of gasses.
Digestive system
Breaks food down into absorbable units that can enter blood, absorbs excess water and minerals; eliminates undigested material.
Urinary system
eliminates excess water, salts, foreign substances, and cellular waste products in the form of urine.
Immune system
protects the body through the immune response: foreign substances are attacked by lymphocytes
anatomical position
Body erect, feet together, palms facing forward
Saggital plane
divides body into left and right
Midsagittal plane
exactly at midline of body.organ and divides it into two parts that are symmetrical and equal
Parasagittal plane
all other saggital planes that aren’t at the midline
Frontal plane
divides the body/organ into anterior and posterior portions
Transverse plane
runs horizontally across the body/organ into superior and inferior portion (top and bottom)
Cross section
straight line cut through a tube horizontally
oblique
diagonal line cut through tube horizontally
longitudinal
tube cut in half vertically
Superior/inferior
above/below
anterior/posterior
Front/behind
dorsal/ventral
back/front
cranial/caudal
towards head/ toward tail
medial/lateral
middle/ to the side
proximal/distal
close to/ far away from the attachment of the appendage
superfecial/deep
exterior/interior
