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Anatomy > Ch 7 pt2 Vertebral Column and Bony Thorax > Flashcards

Ch 7 pt2 Vertebral Column and Bony Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the vertebral column

A

provides the axial support of the trunk, provides attachment point for ribs and back muscles, protects spinal cord.

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2
Q

how many bones in fetal axial column

A

33

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3
Q

how many bones in an adult vertebral column

A

26

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4
Q

how many bones in the cervical region

A

7

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5
Q

where is the spinal cord the longest

A

where it comes out of the brain

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6
Q

function of the transverse foramina

A

protects the vertebral arteries and veins that serve the brain

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7
Q

which section of vertebrae is more flexible

A

cervical

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8
Q

how are vertebrae identified

A

by number and letter C1, C2…

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9
Q

what allows the head to “nod yes”

A

the articulation between C1 and the occipital condyles

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10
Q

what is another name for C2 and what does it do

A

the axis, its articulation with C1 allows the head to rotate

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11
Q

which vertebrae have a bifid spinous process

A

C2-C6

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12
Q

vertebrae found in chest region

A

Thoracic Vertebrae

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13
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are ther

A

12

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14
Q

what does each thoracic vertebrae articulate with

A

Ribs

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15
Q

what shape is the thoracic vertebrae’s body

A

heart shaped

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16
Q

vertebra in the “small of the back”

A

Lumbar vertebrae

q

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17
Q

what is the shape of the vertebral foramina of the lumbar vertebrae

A

triangular

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18
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there

A

5

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19
Q

which vertebrae bears the most weight

A

lumbar

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20
Q

shape of the spinous process of the lumbar

A

short, flat, hatchet shaped

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21
Q

T/F lumbar vertebrae are locked together

A

T

provides stability and prevents rotation

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22
Q

intervertabral discs

A

shock absorber found between each vertebrae

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23
Q

how many sacrum vertebrae are there

A

5

fused

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24
Q

function of the sacrum

A

strengthens and stabilizes the pelvis

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25
Q

where is the body’s center of gravity found

A

the region of the first sacral vertebrae

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26
Q

how many coccyx vertebrae are there

A

3-5

fuse together over time

27
Q

transverse foramen

A

foramen found in the cervical vertebrae that allows for arteries to pass through

28
Q

vertebral foramen

A

foramen in the vertebra where the spinal cord runs through

29
Q

cervical prominence

A

large, unforked bifid spinous process found in C7

30
Q

spinous process

A

part that sticks out to the bakc

31
Q

transverse process

A

part that sticks out to the sides

32
Q

body

A

main, solid part of the vertebrae found towards the front of the body

33
Q

C1 nickname

A

Atlas (because he holds “the world’ (head))

34
Q

what feature is C1 missing

A

body

35
Q

what unique structure does C2 have

A

the dens (odontoid process)

36
Q

what unique structure does C2 have

A

the dens (odontoid process)

37
Q

function of the dens

A

articulates with C1, to shake head back and forth

38
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are ther

A

12

39
Q

what is the exception for wher intevertebral discs are found

A

C1, C2, sacrum and the coccxk vertebrae

40
Q

what is the exception for wher intevertebral discs are found

A

C1, C2, sacrum and the coccxk vertebrae

41
Q

what does the saccrum articulate with

A

hips (illium)

42
Q

vesigial structures

A

structures that were obvious in ancestors, but have lost size and/or functionallity

43
Q

which section of the spine is a vestigial structure

A

coccx vertebrae

44
Q

True ribs

A

the first 7 pairs of ribs with both vertebral and sternal articulations

45
Q

false ribs

A

5 pairs of ribs that attach to the sternum indirectly or do not attach to the sternum at all

46
Q

floating ribs

A

bottom two pairs of ribs that don’t articulate with the sternum at all

they count as false ribs

47
Q

head (ribs)

A
48
Q

plane (gliding) joint

A

synovial joint between the spinal vertebrae, that allow for back and forth and side to side motion

49
Q

flexion

A

bending forward

50
Q

extension

A

bending backwards

51
Q

decreases the angle between two bones

A

flexion

52
Q

increases the angle between two bones

A

extension

53
Q

lateral flexion

A

bending from side to side

54
Q

type of connective tissue that holds the vertebral column upright

A

Vertebral Ligaments (dense elastic connective tissue)

55
Q

function of vertebral ligaments

A

prevent hyper extension of spine

56
Q

functions of intervertebral discs

A
  1. shock absorption
  2. allow spine to flex and extened
57
Q

where are intervertebral discs largest

A

lumbar region

58
Q

disc slipped/ herniated discs/ ruptured discs

A

when cracks develop in the outer layer intervertebral discs, and the inner gel oozes out and presses on a nerve

59
Q

where are disk problems most common

A

between C5 and C6, L4 and L5, L5 and S1

60
Q

how are slipped discs treated

A

bed rest, traction, pain killers, or surgical removal

61
Q

what causes slipped discs

A

sudden or sever trauma to the spine

62
Q

how much of the spinal column do intervertebral discs make up

A

1/4

63
Q

why do people shorten with age

A

compression of disks overtime

Anatomy (9 decks)

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