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Anatomy > Ch 7 Bone Tissue > Flashcards

Ch 7 Bone Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

The skeletal system is made up of primarily what kind of tissue

A

connective tissues

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2
Q

The skeletal system makes up how much of the body

A

20% of the mass

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3
Q

Compact

A

dense, looks smooth, homogenous

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4
Q

Spongy

A

Interior of bone, a lot of open space filled with marrow

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5
Q

Trabecule

A

small needle-like or flat pieces of bone that make up the interior of the bone

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6
Q

what do bones produce

A

blood cells

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7
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

the process of blood cell formation

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8
Q

where does hematopoises occur

A

the marrow cavities of certain bones

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9
Q

What do bones store

A

minerals and fat

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10
Q

how many bones are in the body

A

206

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11
Q

four types of bone shapes

A

long, short, irregular, and flat

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12
Q

what type of bones are long bones

A

Primarily compact with some spongy

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13
Q

examples of long bones

A

the legs, thigh, arms,
forearms, fingers, toes, bones of the hand and
foot, and the collar bone.

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14
Q

diaphysis

A

tubular central shaft of a long bone

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15
Q

Medullary cavities

A

cavities in long bones taht store fat (yellow marrow), blood vessels and nerve cells

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16
Q

Epiphyses

A

the bone ends or extremities

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17
Q

Which is more expanded epiphyses or diaphysis

A

Epipyses

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18
Q

areas in long bones that routinely produce new blood cells

A

spongy bone in the head and femur

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19
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

remnant of the epiphyseal plate (where long bones lengthen)

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20
Q

Periosteum

A

double layered membrane covering the outer surface of the diaphysis

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21
Q

What is the inner layer of the periosteum made of

A

elastic fibers, blood vessels, osteoblsats and osteoclasts

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22
Q

what is the outer layer of the periosteum made of

A

connective tissue, blood bessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

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23
Q

Function of periosteum

A

Initiates growth, development, and repair of bone

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24
Q

how many layers in the periosteum

A

2

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25
Q

Endosteum

A

connective tissue membrane covering the internal bone surfaces

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26
Q

endosteum function

A

covers trabeculae of spongy bone
Lines the canals that pass through compact bone

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27
Q

Articular cartilage

A

covering of the epiphyseal surfaces, cushions bone ends and absorbs stress during joint movement

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28
Q

Articular cartilage function

A

Cushions bone ends and absorbs stress during joint movemement

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29
Q

Articular cartilage tissue

A

glassy textured hylaine cartilage

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30
Q

Short bones

A

cube-like bones

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31
Q

Short bone examples

A

tarsals carpals and patella

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32
Q

Short bones bone types

A

Mostly soongy with thin surface layer of compact

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33
Q

Flat bones

A

Thin, flattened and usually slightly curved bones

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34
Q

Flat bones bone types

A

2 roughly pareallel compact bones with spongy bone between

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35
Q

Flat Bones examples

A

Sternum, ribs and most cranial bones

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36
Q

Most significant areas of blood cell formation

A

Flat bones (sternum/scalpula)

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37
Q

Irregular bones

A

Have complicated shapes and don’t fit into other classes

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38
Q

Irregular bones bone types

A

mostly spongy bone enclosed by thin layers of compact bone

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39
Q

Irregular bones examples

A

vertebrae, hip bones, and some skull bones (mostly facial)

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40
Q

T/F irregular bones make blood cells

A

True

Example-hip

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41
Q

Foramen

A

oval or round opening

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42
Q

What is the region of the chin called

A

the mental region

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43
Q

Fissure

A

Groove or slit like opening in bone

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44
Q

Meatus

A

canal like passage in the bone

45
Q

Fossa

A

shallow, basin or bowl-like depression

46
Q

Groove

A

shallow depression or furrow

47
Q

Notch

A

Indentation at the edge of a structure

48
Q

Sinus

A

Enclosed cavity within a bone, filled with air; lined with mucus membrane

49
Q

Projections

A

muscle and ligament attachments to bone

50
Q

Crest

A

prominent narrow ridge

51
Q

Tuberosity

A

Large and rounded rough surface

52
Q

Process

A

any prominence of bone

53
Q

Trochanter

A

very large, blunt process

54
Q

Where is the trochanter found

A

only on the femur

55
Q

Tubercle

A

small rounded process

56
Q

How is the Tubercle different than the tuberocity

A

it is smaller

57
Q

Epicondyle

A

raised area on or above condyle

58
Q

Line (bone marking)

A

narrow ridge of bone

not as prominent as the crest

59
Q

Projections (processes)

A

help form joints or are the sites of muscle and ligament attachment

60
Q

Head

A

bone expansion protruding from a narrow neck

61
Q

Facet

A

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

62
Q

Condyle

A

Rounded knuckle-like process where one bone articulates with another

63
Q

Ramus

A

arm-like bar of bone

64
Q

Neck

A

narrow part of bone between “head” and “shaft”

65
Q

Spine

A

sharp, slender process

66
Q

how dense is compact bone

A

Not very as it is riddled with canals and passageways that serve as conduits for nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

67
Q

Structural unit of compact bone

A

The osteon or Haversian sustem

68
Q

what is the tiny weight-bearing pillar

A

osteon

69
Q

osteon

A

an elongated culindar oriented along the long axos of the bone; consits of a group of hollow tubes of bone matrix

70
Q

Lamella

A

one of the cylindrical layers of the osteon

71
Q

T/F collagen fibers in the same lamella run in different directions

A

F

72
Q

T/F collagen fibers in adjacent lamella run in different opposite

A

T

73
Q

Haversian canal

A

runs through the core of each osteon; containing blood vessels and nerve fibers

74
Q

Volkmann’s (perforating) canals

A

run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone connecting the vascular and nerves supplies of the pariosteum to those of the haversian canals and medullary cavity

75
Q

The Haversian and Volkmann’s canals are lined with what

A

endosteum

76
Q

where are osteocytes found

A

small concavities called lacunae and at the junctions of lamellae

77
Q

Canaliculi

A

connects lacuane to eachother and to the Haversian canal also tie all osteocytes together, help nutrients and waste to be shated from one osteocyte to another

78
Q

ossification

A

formation of bone from other tissue types

79
Q

intramembranous bones

A

bones that ossify from a membrane

80
Q

endochondral bones

A

bones that ossify from hyaline cartilage

81
Q

examples of intramembranous bones

A

most flat bones (cranium bones, sternum, scalpula)

82
Q

examples of endochondral bones

A

long bones, short bones and irregular bones

83
Q

function of ossification in adults

A

remodeling and repair of bones

84
Q

Growth Horomone (GH)

A

the horomone that stimulates bone growth

85
Q

Gigantism

A

Too much growth horomone

86
Q

Dwarfism

A

Too little growth horomone

87
Q

when is your skeleton fully grown

A

the age of 25

88
Q

what happens whn calcium levels in blood are low

A

Parathyroid Horomone stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone tissue, releasing calcium into blood.

89
Q

what happens when calcium levels in blood are high

A

calcitonin stimulates osteoblasts to form bone cells, removing calcium from the blood

90
Q

osteomalicia

A

an abscence of vitamin D affecting absorbtion of calcium , softening and deforming of bones

91
Q

Osteoporosis

A

when bone breakdown outpaces bone formation, causing bones to become porus and weakened

92
Q

Vitamin A

A

Necessary for osteoclast activity during bone developement

93
Q

Vitamin C

A

required for collagen synthesis

94
Q

Vitamin D

A

Necessary for proper absorption of (and transportation of) calcium in the small intestined

95
Q

yellow marrow

A

fat

96
Q

red marrow

A

makes blood

97
Q

lacunae

A

spaces between layers of osteons, where osteocytes are found

98
Q

osteoblasts

A

bone makers

99
Q

osteoclasts

A

break down bones

100
Q

bone remodeling

A

bones are destroyed by osteoclasts and are re-made by osteoblasts

101
Q

how much of the body mass is bones

A

20%

102
Q

How much of osseus is cells compared to intercellular minerals/protiens

A

1/3 cell 2/3 intercelllular minerals/protiens

103
Q

two main minerals found in bone

A

phosphorus and calcium

104
Q

Functions of bones

A

provide support, protect soft organs and functions as levers to move body, body’s mineral bank, body’s blood cell factory, stores fat

105
Q

where in a long bone would blood be produced

A

spongy bone

106
Q

where in a long bone would blood be produced

A

spongy bone

107
Q

growth plate

A

the area at the ends of long bones where they grow

108
Q

What is the inner layer of the periosteum made of

A

elastic fibers, blood vessels, osteoblsats and osteoclasts

109
Q

Function of periosteum

A

Initiates growth, development, and repair of bone

Anatomy (9 decks)

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